Policy formation and implementation. process of the public library policy in England : From the view point of the relation between actors

本研究的目的在于厘清参与公共图书馆政策形成与执行过程的各行为者之间的关系，在此基础上明确各行为者之间的认知。首先，对盖茨黑德图书馆和桑德兰图书馆的政策执行过程中的参与者进行了调查分析。2006年8月对图书馆馆员进行了服务内容走访调查和访谈调查。结果表明，与其说中央政府的政策是决定图书馆服务内容的因素，不如说是部分政策文件对图书馆员的重视，而是立法控制和财政指导作为一种实施手段带来了固定的效果。2007年8月，对政策形成过程中的参与者进行了第二次调查。文化、媒体和体育部(DCMS)、作为政策执行机构的博物馆、图书馆和档案馆理事会以及图书馆咨询委员会被确定为参与者。对每个组织的工作人员或成员进行访谈调查。调查发现，社区合作医疗机构与博物馆之间通过提供资金、专家咨询等方式保持关系，社区合作医疗机构对公共图书馆的监督权已大幅转移到作为中央部门之一的社区和地方政府，并制定了对地方政府的政策。研究发现，作为公共图书馆问题政策制定过程中的核心参与者，中央政府通过一些政策发挥了影响力，但社区合作医疗机构在公共图书馆问题上的政治权力在中央政府中受到了限制。

The purpose of this research is to clarify relationship between actors involved in policy formation and implementation process of the public library policy, based on the recognition between the actors. Following investigations and analysis were carried out for present England to the example.The first survey was conducted for the actors of the policy implementation process in Gateshead and Sunderland libraries. Both visiting investigation about service contents and interview survey to their librarians were conducted in August 2006. It was clarified as a result that the central government's policy did not have so much influence as a factor which determines the contents of library service, that only a part of policy documents were attached importance to the librarians, and that legislative control and financial guidance had brought about the fixed effect as an implementation means.The second survey was conducted for the actors of the policy formation process in August 2007. Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS), Museums, libraries and Archives Council that was a policy executive agency, and Advisory Council on libraries were identified as the actors. Interview survey was conducted to the staffs or members of each organization. The survey was pointed out ; that the relationship was maintained between DCMS and Museums, through supplying of funds, and giving advice as a specialist, etc, and that the supervisory powers to the public libraries of DCMS have substantially shifted to Communities and Local Governments which was one of the central departments and set a policy on local government.The research revealed that the central government, which is a central actor of policy formation process on public library issues, held influence through some policies, however the political power of DCMS on public library issues was abridged in central government.