Children in Tort Law: Children as Tortfeasors and Victims

计划中的项目将主要侧重于三个问题：1）未成年人在多大年龄时获得对侵权行为承担责任的法律的能力，或者儿童一般应承担责任，2）侵权行为人的年龄在多大程度上影响分担-比较过失问题，以及基于公平理由的赔偿是否应适用于儿童罪犯，及3）父母对其子女的行为所负的法律责任的性质及程度为何？选定的方法标志着一个显着的对比方式，其中未成年人的作用，在欧洲侵权法已被调查到目前为止，即作为一个次要的主题内的一般分析更传统的法律的问题。此外，这项研究的核心问题必须在《欧洲民法典》的更广泛框架内解决，目前正在进行这项工作。最后，侵权法中的未成年人责任问题对我国侵权法也具有重要意义。联邦宪法法院的一项著名裁决（引自NJW 1998，3557）就说明了这一点，该裁决认为，在制定侵权责任规则时，必须尊重《联邦宪法》保障的基本公民权利。此外，在德国，议会正在审议一项修改未成年人侵权责任规则的法案草案（《联邦司法》，第2页）。Schadenrechtsänderungsgesetz）。由于该法案的论证参考了其他欧洲国家的法律（同上，第15页），因此有必要对上述三个问题进行深入和全面的法律的合作分析。

The intended project will focus primarily upon three issues: 1) at what age does a minor gain the legal capacity to be held liable for tortious conduct or should children generally be held liable, 2) to what extent does the age of a tortfeasor influence the question of contributory-comparative negligence and should compensation on equitable grounds apply to child offenders, and 3) what is the nature and extent of parents' liability for the conduct of their children? The selected approach marks a significant contrast to the manner in which the role of minors in European tort law has been investigated thus far, namely as a subordinate topic within a general analysis of more traditional legal questions. In addition, the issues central to this study must be resolved within the broader framework of a European Civil Code, on which work ist currently in progress. Finally, the topic of liability of minors in tort law is of immense importance for the demestic law of torts as well. This is illustrated by a famous decision of the Federal Constitutional Court (cited at NJW 1998, 3557), holding that fundamental civil rights guaranteed by the Federal Constitution must be respected in framing rules of tortious liability. Additionally, in Germany parliamentary proceedings concerning a draft bill to modify the rules of tortious liability of minors are underway (BMJ, 2. Schadenrechtsänderungsgesetz). As the reasoning of the bill refers to the law of other European states (ibid, p. 15), there is a need for intensified and comprehensive coooperative legal analysis of the three issues stated above.