The development of new retinal oxidative stress market and the effects of vitamin E intensive care against retinal light damage

α-生育酚转移蛋白（α-TTP）缺失小鼠母鼠和幼鼠分别饲喂维生素E （VE）缺乏饲料4 ~ 18个月[VE（-）组]。野生型。C57BL/6小鼠饲喂添加0.002% α-生育酚的饲粮[VE（+）组]。4月龄VE（-）动物视网膜α-生育酚含量比VE（+）组低71倍，且未检出γ-生育酚，说明VE（-）组VE缺乏症比以往报道的更为严重。通过气相色谱分析，n-3不饱和脂肪酸在VE（-）小鼠中减少（0.3-至0.9倍），而其他类别的脂肪酸不变或增加。将18个月大的动物与4个月大的动物进行比较，通过气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）评估，VE（-）组和（+）组的视网膜和视网膜色素上皮（RPE）中羟基十八烯二烯酸和8-异前列腺素F^<2α>的生物标志物水平均增加，而VE（-）组的这些年龄相关的增加（2.6- 43.5倍）比VE（+）组（0.8- 8.7倍）更为显著。18月龄时，光镜下，VE（-）组外核层（ONL）核数比VE（+）组减少17% （p<0.05）。电镜观察，VE（-）组ONL核间纤维组织增多，棒外节盘膨大，RPE包涵体增多（p<0.05）。荧光显微镜观察，VE（-）组RPE层自身荧光增强。严重缺乏维生素E会增加视网膜脂质过氧化并导致老化过程中的结构变化，表明维生素E具有抗衰老作用。

Maternal animals and pups of α-Tocopherol transfer protein (α-TTP) null mice were fed a vitamin E (VE) deficient diet for 4- or 18-months [VE (-) group]. Wild type. C57BL/6 mice were fed with 0.002 % α-tocopherol-supplemented diet [VE (+) group]. In retinas from 4-month-old VE (-) animals, the level of α-tocopherol, as measured by high performance liquid chromatography, was 71-fold lower than VE (+) group and γ-tocopherol was not detected, thus VE (-) group yielded more severe VE deficiency than ever reported. By gas chromatography analysis, n-3 pulyunsaturated fatty acids decreased (0.3- to 0.9-fold) in VE (-) mice, whereas other classes of fatty acids were unchanged or increased. When 18-month-old animals were compared to 4-month-old animals, levels of hydroxyoctadecadienoic acid and 8-iso-prostaglandin F^<2α>, biomarkers for lipid peroxidation, assessed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were increased in retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) from both VE (-) and (+) groups, whereas these age-related increases were more remarkable in VE (-) groups (2.6- to 43.5-fold) than VE (+) groups (0.8- to 8.7-fold). At 18-months of age, by light microscopy, number of outer nuclear layer (ONL) nuclei was 17 % lower in VE (-) than (+) groups (p<0.05). By electron microscopy, larger amounts of fibrous tissues between ONL nuclei, greatly expanded rod outer segment disks, and larger numbers of inclusion bodies in RPE (p<0.05) were observed in VE (-) group. By fluorescence microscopy, autofluorescence was increased in the RPE layer of VE (-) group. Severe deficiency of VE enhances increased lipid peroxidation and results in structural changes during aging in retina, indicating anti-aging roles of vitamin E.