Nonequilibrium thermodynamics for fluctuations of biopolymers

针对构建描述生物聚合物工作机理的公式，对非平衡稳态进行了解析研究。我们得到了非平衡度达到二阶的概率分布函数的简明表达式。从这个表达式中，我们得出了非平衡的自然扩展克劳修斯关系。接下来，我们将这个关系推广到非平衡度的二阶，并发现我们应该包括一个扭转项，它特别出现在非线性非平衡中。从一个不同的角度来研究蛋白质的动力学，我们研究了蛋白质模型中的缓慢波动，并用四点相关函数来描述它们。

Aiming at the construction of the formulation to describe the working mechanism of biopolymers, we study nonequilibrium steady states analytically. We obtain a concise expression for the probability distribution function correct up to the second order of the degree of nonequilibrium. From this expression, we arrive at a naturally extended Clausius relation to nonequilibrium. We next extend the relation to the second order of the degree of nonequilibrium and find that we should include a twist term, which especially appears in nonlinear nonequilibrium. From a different point of view to examine proteins' dynamics, we study slow fluctuations in a protein model and characterize them by a four-point correlation-functions.