European Social Survey European citizens´ attitudes towards society, economy and politics: An international comparative empirical project

欧洲社会调查的最重要目标是描述、监测和解释欧洲不断变化的政治体制、社会经济结构及其不同人口的态度、信仰和行为模式之间的关系，欧洲社会调查是一个连续性项目，目的是从长期角度分析发展情况并审查理论。本申请的一个特点是，该项目主要不是为申请研究小组的利益而设计的。相反，它的目的是为社会科学界提供一个数据库，使研究人员能够分析政治和社会变化，并在国家之间进行比较。在几乎每个欧洲国家，代表性人口样本每两年进行一次关于政治和社会方面的相同问卷调查。调查工具包含一个一致的核心模块和一系列专题问题模块，这些模块是在每一轮调查的国际竞争中选出的，ESS是一个欧洲社会研究项目，旨在进一步制定比较调查研究的方法标准。欧洲统计局有助于不断改进调查方法，并作为国家和国际比较人口研究的参考。

The most important goal of the European Social Survey is to describe, monitor and to explain the relationships between Europe`s changing political institutions, socioeconomic structures and the attitudes, beliefs and behaviour patterns of its diverse populations.The ESS is designed as a continuous project in order to analyze developments in a long-term perspective and to examine theories. It is a particular feature of this application that the project is not primarily designed for the interest of the applying research group. Rather, it is intended to provide a database for the community of social scientists in the sense of a collective good which enables researchers to analyze political and social change and to make comparisons between countries.In almost every European country representative population samples are interviewed every two years with identical questionnaires about aspects of politics and society. The survey instrument contains a consistent core module and a series of thematic question modules which are selected in an international competition for every survey round.The ESS is a European social research project that aims to further develop methodical standards of comparative survey research. The ESS contributes to the continuous improvement of survey methodology and serves as a reference for national and international comparative population studies.