Biodiversity and speciation in telmatherinid fishes of the Malili-Lake-System (Indonesia)

印度尼西亚苏拉威西岛马里利湖系的特有鱼系由大约2种鱼类组成。35种，隶属于4科（鲷鱼科、虾蛄科、虾蛄科、虾蛄科）。种类最多的科是银帆鱼科，其特点是由一组密切相关的物种组成，这些物种根据性和自然选择的特征（如求偶颜色、营养形态和成年体型）在种间和种内区分。这些特征的结合使马利里湖系统成为一个非常有用但尚未开发的模型系统，用于同时分析自然界的异域和同域物种形成过程。因此，本研究的目的是：(1)提供所有特有物种的形态和生态分化、系统发育关系和相对年龄的基线数据，以建立该系统作为物种辐射研究鱼类种群进化的替代方案；(2)与其他研究人员合作，与特有软体动物和甲壳类动物的系统地理模式、遗传、形态和生态分化率和程度进行检验；(3)验证自然选择、性选择和空间异质性对马角菊种群物种形成过程的贡献。

The endemic ichthyofauna of the Malili-Lake-System (Sulawesi, Indonesia) is comprised of approx. 35 species, which belong to 4 families (Telmatherinidae, Gobiidae, Adrianichthyidae and Hemirhamphidae). The most speciose family, the sailfin-silversides (Telmatherinidae), is characterised by a set of closely related species, which are differentiated inter- and intraspecifically according to sexually and naturally selected characters, e.g. courtship coloration, trophic morphology and adult body size. The combination of these characteristics renders the Malili-Lake-System an extremely uselful but yet untapped model-system for the simultaneous analysis of allopatric and sympatric speciation processes in nature. Therefore, the proposed study is designed (1) to provide baseline-data on morphological and ecological differentiation, phylogenetic relationships and relative age of all endemic species in order to establish the system as an alternative to speciose cichlid radiations for the study of evolution of fish species flocks; (2) to test alternative hypotheses about phylogeographic patterns, rates and degree of genetic, morphological and ecological differentiation within and among the telmatherinid clades and - in an cooperative approach with other researchers - with those from endemic molluscs and crustaceans; (3) to test recent hypotheses about the contribution of natural selection, sexual selection and spatial heterogeneity to speciation processes in telmatherinid flocks.