Universality and culture-specificity of attachment to companion animals and its effects : Cross-national studies

此前的研究表明，日本的宠物主人倾向于“依恋”。它的特点是痴迷于宠物。在这项研究中，我进行了两项跨国调查，以调查依赖依恋是日本社会特有的文化现象，还是西方所有者也存在的普遍现象。结果表明，虽然依恋程度弱于日本车主，但美国车主确实存在依赖依恋，并与较低的主观幸福感相关。

Previous research has shown that Japanese pet owners tend to have "dependent attachment." which is characterized by obsession to pets. In this study, I conducted two cross-national surveys in order to investigate whether the dependent attachment was a culturally-specific phenomenon that was unique to Japanese society, or a universal phenomenon that was also present among Western owners. The results showed that, although the magnitude was weaker than that of Japanese owners, dependent attachment did exist among American owners, and that it was associated with lower subjective well-being.