Assessment of nutrition education during pregnancy through child care period.

目的：本研究的目的是明确孕期营养教育的必要内容，方法：1）对产科机构孕妇孕期营养教育的纵向研究。2)儿科机构对母亲在幼儿期营养教育的调查。3)对夜班母亲进行营养教育的调查。4)结果：（1）孕妇虽然认识到孕期营养的重要性和必要性，但孕期饮食行为与孕前相比无明显变化;相反，他们认为改善饮食行为是考虑到怀孕后期胎儿的生长。虽然他们试图改变一部分 ...更多信息 但这些仍然不够充分或更好。孕妇虽然对分娩和哺乳很感兴趣，但她们没有考虑到通过育儿期的长期营养。2)母亲对自己的饮食行为在出生后至4个月时仍有一定的兴趣。他们考虑到饭菜的剩余量，只做了晚饭。至于早餐和午餐，他们主要是做主食。早、午均做过主、配菜的母亲仅占8.0%。他们觉得很多困难，煮断奶食品，需要一个支持。3)与对照组相比，工作到深夜的母亲更倾向于在夜间与家人一起外出就餐和娱乐设施。例如，家庭主妇或白天工作）。他们担心孩子的膳食不足和日常节奏被打破，需要膳食和调整日常节奏的支持。各组之间缺乏早餐的比例没有差异。对夜班母亲进行与生活节奏相适应的营养教育是必要的。4)产科护士的营养教育和营养指导主要是孕期保健、产后恢复支持和哺乳期饮食指导。与其他作品相比，他们感到很难做到这一点。提取的困难因素是如何评价膳食、如何继续和改进营养指导、营养教育和营养指导知识有限，不足以回答孕妇的问题。它们需要一个具体和全面的工具，用于怀孕前、怀孕期间和怀孕后的营养教育。儿科护士的营养教育和营养指导主要是儿童餐、断奶食品、体检时的餐间饮食和疾病期间的餐。母亲对膳食的兴趣不高、如何评价母亲和孩子的不同故事、如何仅通过语言进行教育以及母亲对哺乳和乳汁的知识有限是造成困难的因素。讨论与结论：孕期营养教育和营养指导应具体化，并包括可用于儿童保育期的预期内容。它应该在怀孕期间持续到儿童保育期。揭示了包括每日节律在内的营养指导的具体内容，并制作了孕前、孕中、孕后营养指导的工具，其中包括如何对妇女和母亲进行教育。少

Purpose : The purpose of this research is to clarify a necessary content of the nutrition education to mother and child during pregnancy through child care period.Methods : 1)Longitudinal study on nutrition education to women during pregnancy through child care period in obstetrics facilities. 2)Investigation on nutrition education to mothers during child care period in pediatrics facilities. 3)Investigation on nutrition education to mothers who work late at night. 4)Interview investigation concerning nutrition education and nourishment guidance to nurses who work for obstetrics or pediatrics departmentResults : 1) Eating behavior was not changed in the middle term of pregnancy compared with before pregnancy, even though the pregnant women recognized the importance and the necessity of the nourishment during pregnancy. In contrast, they thought an improvement of eating behavior in consideration with their fetal growth in the late term of pregnancy. Although they tried to change a part … More of eating behavior, those were still not sufficient or preferable. Although pregnant women had an interest to the birth and lactation, they didn't think about long-term nourishment through child care period. 2) Mothers had a little interest to their own eating behavior after birth until 4 months. They cooked in consideration with the meal balance only for supper. As to breakfast and lunch, they cooked staple food mostly. There were only 8.0% of mothers who had been cooking both main and side dishes in breakfast and lunch. They felt lots of difficulties to cook weaning foods and required a support to do. 3) Mothers who worked late at night tended to take meal outside and amusement facilities at nighttime frequently with their family compared with the control (i. e., housewives or working daytime). They were anxious about insufficient meal for children and broken daily rhythm and required a support for meal and adjustment of daily rhythm. Lack-of-breakfast rate was not different between groups. The nutrition education in consideration with the life rhythm is necessary for mothers who worked late at night. 4) The nutrition education and nourishment guidance of nurses who worked for obstetrics department was mainly the health care during pregnancy, the recovery support after birth, and the dietary instruction on lactation. They felt difficulties to do it compared with other works. The extracted factors for the difficulties were how to evaluate the meal, how to continue and improve the nourishment guidance, and the limited knowledge of the nutrition education and nourishment guidance, which were not enough to answer the question of pregnant women. They required a concrete and comprehensible tool for the nutrition education before, during and after pregnancy. The nutrition education and nourishment guidance of nurses who worked for pediatrics department was mainly the meal for children, weaning food, eating between meals at the time of medical check up, and the meal during diseases. The extracted factors for the difficulties were mother's poor interest for the meal, how to evaluate different stories from mother and child, how to educate them only by the words, and mother,s limited knowledge of lactation and milk.Discussion and conclusions : Nutrition education and the nourishment guidance during pregnancy should be concrete and include anticipated content that can be used for the child care period. It should continue during pregnancy through child care period. We revealed a concrete content of nourishment guidance including daily rhythm, and we made a tool for that before, during and after pregnancy, which included how to educate women and mothers. Less