The mechanisms of fish oil effects on improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism and fatty liver

(1)鱼油可抑制体重反弹时体重增加和脂肪在肝脏中的积聚。本实验研究了鱼油对KK-Ay小鼠体重反弹的影响。实验表明，鱼油在小鼠体重反弹阶段抑制体重增加和脂肪在肝脏中的积聚。抑制脂肪在肝脏的堆积归因于抑制脂肪酸合成，促进脂肪分解和脂肪酸氧化，以及肝脏脂蛋白分泌的正常化。(2)鱼油对饮食诱导的肥胖小鼠葡萄糖和脂肪代谢的不依赖于过氧化物酶体增殖物激活受体(PPAR)的作用。实验表明，鱼油通过PPAR(PPAR-α和PPAR-γ)途径非依赖的机制降低血浆和肝脏的脂质水平，而在含有不同油脂的饲料中，PPAR拮抗剂反向调节糖耐量。(3)鱼油中的不饱和脂肪酸在脂肪充分分配到血浆中起作用。肝脏和…氢化鱼油含有与鱼油中的不饱和脂肪酸具有相同碳链长度的饱和脂肪酸，以阐明这些不饱和脂肪酸对改善小鼠脂肪和葡萄糖代谢的作用。我们的结果表明，FO饮食中的不饱和脂肪酸降低了肝脏中的脂质水平，并维持了血浆、肝脏和白色脂肪组织中的脂质水平的平衡。此外，这些结果还表明，肝脏和白色脂肪组织中合成的C16：1和C18：1可能会改善HFO组的糖耐量和脂代谢。(4)棕榈油酸酯和二十碳五烯酸(EPA)对高脂饮食小鼠脂代谢的调节。我们研究了口服棕榈油酸酯是否改善了高脂饮食小鼠的脂质和葡萄糖代谢紊乱，以阐明鱼油的主要成分之一的作用。这项研究表明，口服相对较低水平的棕榈油酸酯或EPA可以改善因富含猪油的饮食而受损的脂肪代谢。我们发现，棕榈油酸酯作为鱼油的一种成分，与EPA一样，在改善脂质代谢方面起着关键作用。较少

(1)Fish oil suppresses weight gain and fat accumulation in the liver on weight rebound.We investigated the effect of fish oil on weight rebound in KK-Ay mice. The experiments suggest that fish oil suppresses body weight gain and fat accumulation in the liver on the weight rebound phase in mice. Suppression of fat accumulation in the liver is attributed to inhibition of fatty acid synthesis, enhancement of lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation, and normalization of lipoprotein secretion from the liver.(2)Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs)-independent functions of fish oil on glucose and lipid metabolism in diet-induced obese mice.The experiments suggest that fish oil decreases lipid levels in plasma and liver via PPARs (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ)pathway-independent mechanism, and that glucose tolerance is inversely regulated by PPARs antagonists under diets containing different oils.(3)Unsaturated fatty acids in fish oil play a role in adequate fat distribution to plasma, liver an … More d white adipose tissue.We used hydrogenated fish oil, which has saturated fatty acids with the same carbon chain lengths as the unsaturated fatty acids in fish oil, to clarify the functions of these unsaturated fatty acids on the improvements in lipid and glucose metabolism in mice. Our results indicate that unsaturated fatty acids in the FO diet decrease lipid levels in the liver and maintain the balance of lipid levels in plasma, liver and white adipose tissue. In addition, these results also suggest that C16:1 and C18:1 synthesized in the liver and white adipose tissue may improve glucose tolerance and lipid metabolism in the HFO group.(4)Regulation of lipid metabolism by palmitoleate and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in mice fed a high-fat diet.We investigated whether oral administration of palmitoleate improves disorders of lipid and glucose metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet to clarify the effects of one of the main components of fish oil. This study suggests that orally administered palmitoleate or EPA at relatively low levels improve lipid metabolism impaired with a lard-rich diet. We found that palmitoleate, as a component of fish oil, as well as EPA plays a pivotal role in improving lipid metabolism. Less