Development of Assessment tool for Socially Innovative Nonprofit Organizations

彼得·德鲁克是第一个明确指出私营非营利部门缺乏底线的人。事实上，在非营利部门，没有一个通用的机制来评估他们的表现。由于这一性质，该部门往往效率低下，失去增长机会。我们决定挑战这个最基本的问题。本文借鉴德鲁克的非营利组织理论，对理想的非营利组织进行了细致的界定，并提炼出三个基础，即“社会创新”、“公民身份”和“治理”。“最后，我们制定了33项标准和105项自我评估项目。作为初始阶段，我们进行了定性和定量分析，以了解NPO行业的现状。我们开发了日本NPO组织财务报表的7年面板数据库。本文运用结构方程模型分析了非营利组织实现财务可持续性的路径。该模型证实，社会支持的收入，如捐款， ...更多信息 会费有助于财政的可持续性，尽管它无助于收入的扩大。相反，结果表明，虽然业务收入有助于收入的扩大，但它对财务可持续性的影响并不大。我们还对2000名非营利组织进行了调查。研究结果表明，非营利组织的现状与理想的社会创新型非营利组织存在很大差距，并且失去了公众的信任，因此我们组建了一个由非营利组织和非政府组织的研究者和实践者组成的团队，讨论如何填补现状与理想组织之间的差距。然后，研究者从这些讨论中提炼出精华，并将其反映为33个评价标准，105个自我评价项目，最终形成6篇研究论文和4本专著。在这4本书中，有两本《优秀NPO标准》是为了方便NPO从业者使用而设计的，非常容易阅读。我们还成立了小型组织，以便传播优秀NPO标准，并与公众分享我们的评估方法。少

Peter Drucker is the first person who clearly pointed out absence of bottom line in the private nonprofit sector. In fact, there is no universal mechanism of evaluating their performance in the nonprofit sector. The sector tend to invite inefficiency and to lose growth opportunities because of this nature. We decide to challenge this most essential problem. We carefully defined our desirable nonprofit organization by referring Drucker's nonprofit theory and extracted three bases, namely "Social Innovation" "Citizenship", and "Governance." Finally, we developed 33 standards and 105 self-assessment items.As an initial stage, we conducted qualitative and quantitative analysis to learn the current state of the NPO sector. We developed 7-year panel data base of the financial statement of the NPO organization in Japan. We analyzed the route through which NPOs reach financial sustainability with a structural equation model. The model confirmed that socially supported income such as donations … More and membership fees contribute to financial sustainability, although it does not contribute to income expansion. On the contrary, the results showed that while business income contributes to income expansion, it does not greatly affect financial sustainability. We also conducted survey with 2000 NPOs. The results show that NPO's current conditions are far from their desired socially innovative NPOs, and that they lose trust from public.We built the team with researchers and practitioners of NPO and NGO, and discussed how we fill the gap between the current state and our desirable organizations. Then, researchers extracted essence of those discussions and reflected it into 33 evaluation standards with 105 self-assessment items.Our research outputs are 6 study papers and 4 books. Among 4 books, two books titled "Excellent NPO Standards" are easy-to read designed so that NPO practitioners use it. We also established small organization so that we spread Excellent NPO Standards and share our evaluation methodology with public. Less