Possibilities and Impossibilities of Decentralized Energy Governance and Local Climate Change Mitigation Policies in Japan

本研究从政治学和政策过程分析的角度，考察了日本地方政府采取渐进式低碳措施的可能性和不可能性的决定因素。尽管许多倡导者先验地声称，地方政府采取的这些措施是“可取的”，但真正分析导致这一结论的因素的研究很少。期望地方政府承担制定和执行气候变化政策的角色是否合理？如果是的话，这些政策和措施是否有效？为了回答这些后验类型的询问，本研究采用了对八个地方政府(东京、岩手县、长野县、八野县、久泉县、筑波市、东京都)的深入个案研究所获得的横向研究结果的定性分析。在这些地方政府中，推广一系列低碳措施不仅有助于改善环境，还在Loca…创造了新的社会经济更多的是L水平。换言之，在2000年前后，这些地方政府已经寻求实现日本国民政府从2008年底开始强调的“绿色新政”政策的基本主张。因此，不同行为者的目标及其提议的计划是否导致在每个地方政府中形成和实施更具体、有效的措施，这对上述治理问题构成了关键考验。该研究报告首先介绍了政策进程促进和/或防止其政策和措施的代理化和制度化的方式。然后分析和解释了为什么除了东京的情况外，尽管其他地方政府已经正式制定了关于气候变化问题的各种行政计划甚至法令，但预期的政策绩效并没有以可持续的方式实现。根据研究结果，该研究从地方治理能力的角度得出了政策含义，表明如果地方政府要在解决气候变化缓解问题上发挥更关键的作用，就需要进行根本性的结构改革。较少

From the perspectives of political science and policy process analyses, this study examines the determinants of the possibilities and impossibilities of the Japanese local governments' progressive low carbon measures. Although many advocates claim a priori that such measures taken by the local governments are' desirable,' very few studies have actually analyzed the factors leading to this conclusion. Is it reasonable to expect the local governments to assume the role of making and implementing climate change policies? And, if so, are the policies and measures effective? To answer these a posteriori types of enquiries, this study employs a qualitative analysis of cross-cutting findings obtained from in-depth case studies of eight local governments(Tokyo, Iwate, Nagano, Hachinohe, Kuzumaki, Tsukuba, Tokoname). In each of these local governments, the promotion of a series of low carbon measures served not only to improve the environment, but also to create a new social economy at the loca … More l level. In other words, in around 2000, these local governments had already sought to realize the basic proposition of the "Green New Deal" policies that the Japanese national government began to stress in late 2008. Thus, whether the aims of various actors and their proposed schemes lead to the formation and implementation of more concrete, effective measures in each of these local governments, poses a critical test for the above-mentioned governability issues. The study first describes the ways in which the policy processes promote and/or prevent the agendization and institutionalization of their policies and measures. The study then analyzes and explains why, except for the case in Tokyo, the intended policy performances were not achieved in a sustainable manner, despite the fact that various administrative plans and even ordinances on the climate change problems were formally established in other local governments. Based upon the findings, the study draws policy implications from the perspectives of local governance capabilities, suggesting that fundamental structural reforms are needed if the local governments are to play more pivotal roles in addressing the climate change mitigation issues. Less