The education program of improving Basic Life Support(BLS) ability for upper grades elementary school students

儿童死亡的最主要原因是意外手段。超过一半的意外行为发生在非成人情况下。如果孩子们可以为受伤的朋友做BLS，并活到救援到来，孩子们的生命就会得到帮助。根据这个愿望，我们尝试为小学生制作BLS教育项目。通过设计教学方法，提高小学生的基本生命维持能力。所有的过程都必须分成小的单元。演练训练；教师逐一指导，学生自己动手一步一步重复，效果显著。补充说，我们知道小组研究；与朋友合作，互相帮助和确认，可以提高他们的实践技能和可靠性。对于按压患者乳房（心脏按摩），即使是无力的患儿也可以利用自身体重进行有效按压。相反，人工呼吸（口对口）是非常困难的儿童肺活量小，手。我们的结论是，如果儿童不能有效地进行人工呼吸，他们不应该坚持继续进行无效的人工呼吸，而是应该按压患者的乳房，他们当然可以在等待救护车和/或救援专家的时候这样做。在使用工具时，他们的优势手、位置和方向以及凝视对儿童的BLS表现有强烈的影响。从这些观察中，我们知道老师应该教孩子他们应该看到的地方和工具的好位置。基于这些结果和知识，我们制定了针对小学生的BLS教育方案。我们已将其汇编成电子文件并装入CD，供小学教师在课堂上使用。

The most major reason of children's death is accidental means. More than half of accidental means happened in no adult situation. If children can do BLS for an injured friend and survive till the rescue coming, children's life can be helped. According to that desire, we tried to make educational program of BLS for elementary school students. By contriving teaching methods, elementary school students could improve their basic life support ability. All processes must be divided into small units. The drill training ; teachers instructed one by one and students did it by themselves step by step and repeat, was found to be effective. Adding that, we knew that the group study ; collaborating with friends, helping and confirming each other, can improve their practical skill and reliability. As for pressing the patient's breast(heart massage), even powerless children could press effectively by using their body weight. Contrary, artificial respiration(mouth to mouth) was very difficult for children with small lung capacity and hands. We concluded that if children could not do artificial respiration effectively, they should not persist on continuing ineffective artificial respiration but they should do pressing patient's breast which they can do certainly during waiting an ambulance and/or rescue specialists. When using tools, their dominant hand, the location and orientation and gaze affect children's performance of BLS strongly. From those observations, we knew that teachers should teach children where they should see and good position of tools. Based on those results and knowledge, we made education program of BLS for elementary school students. We have compiled it into electric files and contained in CD for elementary school teachers for using in their classroom.