Comparative History of Empires in the Contexts of Modernization and Globalization

这是一个关于19世纪和20世纪帝国比较研究的课题。我们阐述了帝国殖民地和外围地区的保守现代化政策，以及殖民地人民在现代化和民族主义时代与帝国的合作与反抗。帝国构成了一个竞争共存的全球制度，并参考彼此的经验。现代化和进入这个政权的时间和环境在很大程度上决定了每个帝国的特点。

This is a project on comparative research of empires in the 19th and 20th centuries. We elucidated the policy of conservative modernization in colonies and peripheries of empires, as well as colonized peoples’ collaboration with and resistance to empires in the age of modernization and nationalism. Empires constituted a global regime of competitive coexistence, and referred to each other’s experiences. The time and circumstances of modernization and entry into this regime largely determined each empire’s characteristics.