Formation of Soft Materials Based on Charge-by-Charge Assemblies Consisting of π-Conjugated Molecules

由带电π-共轭组分组成的大分子体系由于形成刺激响应的电子和光学材料而引起人们的兴趣。为了制备离子基材料，设计和合成合适的建筑分子是必不可少的，这些分子对带电物种具有有效的结合位点。在π-共轭阴离子受体中，已经发现1，3-二吡咯基-1，3-丙二酮的硼络合物是组装体（例如阴离子响应性晶体、超分子凝胶和液晶）和共价连接的表现出阴离子驱动的折叠行为的受体寡聚体的有用的构建单元。基于吡咯的阴离子响应性分子的平面性和发射性提供了新的性质和概念，例如电荷-电荷组装，其由交替堆叠的阴离子（受体-阴离子复合物）和阳离子组成，基于在带电物种中起作用的相互作用。

Macromolecular systems comprising charged π-conjugated components are fascinating due to the formation of stimuli-responsive electronic and optical materials. In order to fabricate ion-based materials, it is essential to design and synthesize the appropriate building molecules, which have efficient binding sites for charged species. Among π-conjugated anion receptors, boron complexes of 1,3-dipyrrolyl-1,3-propanediones have been found to be useful building units of assemblies, such as anion-responsive crystals, supramolecular gels, and liquid crystals, and of covalently linked receptor oligomers that exhibit anion-driven folding behaviors. The fairly planar and emissive pyrrole-based anion-responsive molecules provided new properties and concepts such as charge-by-charge assembly, consisting of alternately stacking anions (receptor-anion complexes) and cations, on the basis of the interactions worked in the charged species.