Mechanisms for Gauge Symmetry Breaking and Fermion Masses Generation

基本粒子的质量生成问题还远未被理解。在电弱标准模型中有两种不同的质量产生机制：希格斯机制产生电弱玻色子的质量，汤川相互作用允许在模型中实现费米子的质量。这意味着该模型包含许多自由参数，这些参数不能从第一原理计算出来。大统一理论（GUT）允许减少基本参数的数量。此外，希格斯机制似乎是一个有效的理论。该项目的目标是：1）找到Higgs机制的替代方案，特别是找到触发Higgs机制的动力学机制; 2）在大统一理论中实现这些机制，并推导出费米子质量的结果; 3）如果理论的基本参数具有宇宙学时间演化，则提出大统一理论的检验; 4）研究时空的可能非对易性质对费米子和规范玻色子质量的影响。

The problem of mass generation for elementary particles is far from being understood. There are two different mass generating mechanisms in the electroweak standard model: the Higgs mechanism generates a mass for the electroweak bosons and the Yukawa interactions allow to implement masses for fermions in the model. This implies that the model contains many free parameters that cannot be computed from first principles. Grand unified theories (GUTs) allow to reduce the number of fundamental parameters. Furthermore the Higgs mechanism seems to be an effective theory. The goals of this project are the following: 1) to find alternatives to the Higgs mechanism and in particular to find dynamical mechanisms that trigger the Higgs mechanism; 2) to implement these mechanisms in GUTs and to derive the consequences for fermion masses; 3) to propose tests of GUTs if the fundamental parameters of the theory have a cosmological time evolution; 4) to study the implications of a possible noncommutative nature of space-time for the masses of the fermions and of the gauge bosons.