A

传统上，适应度是用下一代的后代数量来衡量的。因为这个（算术）平均值是繁殖成功的短期衡量标准，我们无法探测到随机环境中适应的本质。从长期持续的观点出发，我们在理论、经验或两者兼而有之的各种例子中论证了对持续的适应。具体来说，我们表明，当雄性蚁王在旧蚁群中被替换为亲缘选择的结果时，某些种类的白蚁会调整其翅状蚁（有翼的形式：生殖后代）的性别比例，使其倾向于雌性。并求解了风险分散最优策略的解析解。适应性长期持续的其他成就包括扩展到人类经济行为、动态决策、随机环境中的性别比例调节、出芽酵母的细胞凋亡和SIR模型中的疾病控制。

Traditionally the fitness is measured as the number of offspring in the next generation. Because this (arithmetic) mean is the short-term measure of reproductive success, we cannot detect the nature of adaptation in stochastic environments. From the viewpoint of long-term persistence, we demonstrate the adaptation for persistence in a various examples either theoretically, empirically, or both. Specifically we show that some species of termites adjust the sex ratio of their alate (winged form: reproductive offspring) toward female biases, when male kings are replaced in an old colony as an outcome of kin selection. We also solve the analytic solutions for the optimal strategy for risk-spreading. Other accomplishments of adaptive long-term persistence include the expansion to human economic behavior, dynamic decision-making, sex ratio adjustment in stochastic environments, apoptosis in budding yeasts, and disease control in the SIR model.