Pregnancy and Child Birth as caring and their normalization

在日本，母亲在工作上有很多困难，即使是为了平衡工作和生活而创业的女性，她们的创业也没有提供解决方案（受访者为10名女性，16人）。对于日本女性来说，生孩子意味着中断了女性拥有的社交网络。在瑞典，生孩子对女性来说是创造新的社交网络的时刻，而不是失去社交网络（受访者为19人）。在日本，生孩子是私有化的，而瑞典是由社会保障来保障的。也就是说，两国都发展了两极分化的社会地位。这两种对立的两极对妇女创业都起着抑制作用。具体细节将在2014年ISA世界大会上公布。

In Japan, where mothers have many difficulties to work, even for women whostartedtheir business for work-life balance, their enterprising doesn’t offer solution (the interviewees are 10 women and 16 persons). To have a child is, for Japanese women, interruption of social networking women have had. In Sweden, to have a child is experienced as a moment to create new social networking by women, and never as a loss of social networking (the interviewees are 19 persons).In Japan, to have a child are privatized in comparison with Sweden where it isensured by social security. That is, both countries developed polarized social status of care. The both of opposite poles operate as suppressive function against women’s business enterprising. The details will be reported in ISA world conference in 2014.