Blast-induced traumatic brain injury : Mechanism of injury and recovery by brain-machine interface

原发性冲击波诱导的创伤性脑损伤（bTBI）阶段代表脑组织对初始冲击波的反应。在bTBI的四个阶段中，关于原发性bTBI的原因的信息非常缺乏。人们越来越需要了解bTBI的机制和病理生理学。了解冲击波传播到颅骨的机制，以及根据冲击波物理学验证并可在实验台上进行的动物模型的开发是了解这种“新”形式的TBI的机制、病理生理学并开发适当的治疗和保护的关键问题。我们已经从可视化、压力测量、和数值模拟。脑体模实验表明，通过颅骨传播的波在波进入侧和波进入对侧具有时间上的压力增加。后者可能解释了在严重创伤性脑损伤中经常观察到的对碰损伤的机制。本研究结果不仅对认识爆炸冲击波致脑损伤的机制具有重要意义，而且对高能交通事故所致脑损伤、自然/工业灾害所致脑损伤的脑保护措施的研究也具有重要意义。

The primary blast-induced traumatic brain injury (bTBI)phase represents the response of brain tissue to the initial blast wave. Among the four phases of bTBI, there is a remarkable paucity of information about the cause of primary bTBI. There is increasing demand to understand mechanism and pathophysiology of bTBI. Understanding the mechanism of blast propagation into skull, and the development of animal model that is validated in terms of shock wave physics and can be conducted on the bench top is a key issue to understand the mechanism, pathophysiology, and to develop proper treatment and protection for this"new" form of TBI.We have evaluated the mechanism of propagation of blast wave and shock wave in terms of visualization, pressure measurement, and numerical simulation. The experiments in brain phantom revealed that propagated wave through the skull has temporal increase of pressure on the side of wave entry and on the opposite side to the entry. The latter may explain the mechanism of contra coup injury, which is often observed in severe traumatic brain injury. The distribution of wave distribution correlated with the histological damage in animal model experiments.The results of present investigation not only has impact on understanding the mechanism of blast wave-induced traumatic brain injury, but also helps to develop brain protection methods in traumatic brain injury by high energy traffic accident, and traumatic injury by high pressure waves during natural/industrial disasters.