The Social Exclusion in a Liberal Society: A Sociological Study on the Effects of Socioeconomic Resources and Social Support Network on Subjective Freedom

本研究旨在了解社会经济资源和社会支持网络如何决定人们的自由程度，并阐明基于自由主义原则的社会秩序的特征。主要研究结果如下。(1)存在自由的性别不平等。这种不平等反映了男女之间社会经济资源分配的不平等。(2) 2000年代以来，个体资源对阶层认同的正向作用迅速增强，家庭资源的正向作用逐渐减弱。从这个意义上说，日本社会的个体化可以说是发生了。(3)个体资源对社会支持网络的规模或数量有正向影响。然而，人们的个人资源并没有增加他们的网络所提供的支持的可用性。支持的可用性是由“互惠性”和“可选关系的可用性”决定的。

This study aims to find out how socioeconomic resources and social support networks determine the degree of people's freedom, and to explicate the characteristics of the social order based on the principle of liberalism. Main findings are as follows. (1) There is the gender inequality of freedom. This inequality reflects the unequal distribution of socioeconomic resources between men and women. (2) Since the 2000s, the positive effects of individual resources on people's class identification have rapidly increased, while the effects of family resources have decreased. In this sense, the individualization of Japanese society can be said to occur. (3) People's individual resources have positive effects on the size or quantity of their social support network. However, people's individual resources do not increase the availability of support that their network gives. The availability of support is determined by "reciprocity" and the "availability of alternative ties."