Definition, role, and priority issues of PA in Japan

基于生产性老龄化（PA）的概念框架，本研究调查了日本老年人生产角色的相关因素。研究结果表明，由于日本的社会保障制度（包括养老金、医疗和长期护理保险制度）不稳定，老年人很难发挥志愿服务和有偿工作等生产性作用。此外，由于个人选择，生产性角色应该被执行，但文献综述表明，在许多情况下，老年人基于义务或需要执行生产性角色。为了促进PA，在考虑PA政策时，发现四个因素包括访问，动机，信息和便利。

Based on the conceptual framework of Productive Aging(PA), this study investigated factors which are associated with productive roles for older adults in Japan. Findings show that since Japan's social security which includes pension, health, and long-term care insurance systems are unstable, it has been difficult to achieve productive roles for older adults such as volunteerism and paid work. Moreover, productive roles should be performed due to personal choices, but the review of the literature suggests that in many cases, older adults perform productive roles based on obligation or needs. In order to promote PA, four factors which include access, motivation, information, and facilitation were found to be important when considering PA policies.