Problems in Indonesian Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) Policies: Examination of Village Forest (HD) Programs in the Provinces of Jambi and East Kalimantan

在这项研究中，我考察了印尼政府的社区林业管理（CBFM）政策是否会加强当地居民对土地和自然资源的权利，如果没有，问题是什么。印度尼西亚政府已将CBFM的方法纳入其林业政策，目的是使当地社区能够更好地利用当地土地和森林资源，从而有助于减轻当地的贫困。从对占比省和东加里曼丹省的考察中，我发现以乡村森林计划为代表的乡村森林管理方案不会从根本上解决传统土地所有者土地权利薄弱的问题。CBFM方案将地方土地权利视为集体，不能正确反映地方土地所有权制度的现实。调查强调需要在承认个别非正式土地占有者的方式上进行法律改革。

In this research, I have examined whether the Community-Based Forestry Management (CBFM) policies of Indonesian government would strengthen local populations' rights over land and natural resources, and if not, what the problems are. Indonesian government has incorporated the approaches of CBFM in its forestry policies in the purpose of enabling local communities to have better access to local land and forestry resources and therefore contribute to alleviation of local poverty. From the examination of the provinces of Jambi and East Kalimantan, I have identified that CBFM programs, being represented by Village Forest scheme, would not lead to the fundamental solution to the problems of weak land rights of customary landowners. The CBFM programs, which assume local land rights as collective, would not correctly reflect the reality of local landownership system. THe investigation underlines the need of legal reform in the way that individual informal land occupiers are recognized.