Analysis of innate immune cells in inflammatory demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system

视神经脊髓炎(NMO)和多发性硬化症是中枢神经系统的两种主要自身免疫性、炎症性和脱髓鞘综合征。针对水通道水通道蛋白4(AQP4)的NMO免疫球蛋白G自身抗体的发现将彻底改变对这两种疾病发病机制的认识。NMO病变中不仅有IL-17/干扰素-γ产生细胞，而且有包括中性粒细胞、抗原提呈细胞、浆细胞和浆母细胞在内的天然免疫细胞。这些数据表明，NMO中可能存在独特的先天免疫细胞动力学。

Neuromyelitis optica (NMO) and multiple sclerosis are the two main autoimmune, inflammatory and demyelinating syndromes of the central nervous system. The discovery of NMO immunoglobulin G autoantibody, which targets the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and is a specific marker of NMO, should revolutionize understanding of pathogenesis in the two diseases. Not only IL-17/IFN-gamma-producing cells, but also innate immune cells including neutrophils, antigen-presenting cells, plasma cells and plasmablasts were evident in NMO lesions. These data suggest that unique dynamics of innate immune cells might be present in NMO in situ.