Surface phonon dispersion studied by X-ray thermal diffuse scattering

晶体中的原子排列有规律，形成晶格，它们是热振动的（晶格动力学）。晶体表面和超薄膜的晶格动力学不同于晶体中的晶格动力学。我们开发的方法来检测弹性散射的X射线从晶格振动的表面和超薄膜。我们在硅衬底上制备了厚度小于10 nm的铋超薄膜，并成功地观察到了超薄膜声子的X射线漫散射。

The atoms in crystals are arranged with regularity, making lattices, and they are thermally vibrating(lattice dynamics). The lattice dynamics of crystal surfaces and ultra-thin films are different from that in crystals. We developed the methodology to detect elastically scattered X-rays from lattice vibrations of surface and ultra-thin films. We prepared bismuth ultra-thin films with thickness less than 10 nm on silicon substrates, and succeeded in observing diffuse X-ray scattering from phonons of ultra-thin films.