Established methods of a human identification from the multiple DNA typing.

线粒体DNA和Y染色体都被用来研究现代人是如何在非洲内外扩散的。JC病毒(JCV)通常由父母传染给儿童。在全球范围内，JCV毒株可分为10多个主要基因型别，每个基因型别占据一个独特的地理域，这表明JCV的进化与人类种群的分化有关。在病毒学、人类学和法医学领域对人类起源的研究分别只使用了不同人类DNA样本的JCV、mtDNA和Y染色体分析。到目前为止，还没有研究分析个人人类样本的JCV、mtDNA和Y染色体。这项研究的目的是分析来自世界各地的人类个体的JCV、mtDNA和Y染色体，并试图提供证据，表明不同方法在确定人类遗传起源时的相对可靠性和有效性。

Both mtDNA and Y chromosomes were used to investigate how modern humans dispersed within and out of Africa. JC virus (JCV) is usually transmitted from parents to children. JCV strains globally can be classified into more than 10 major genotypes, with each genotype occupying a unique geographical domain, suggesting that the evolution of JCV occurred in association with the division of human populations. Research on the origin of humans in the fields of Virology, Anthropology and Forensic Medicine research used only JCV, mtDNA, Y-chromosome analysis respectably from the DNA samples of different humans. Until now no study has analyzed the JCV, mtDNA and Y-chromosome from individual human samples. The aim of this study is to analyze the JCV, mtDNA and Y-chromosome of individual humans from around world and try to provide evidence that may indicate the relative reliabilities and validities of different methods when determining the genetic origin of humans.