水泳動作中におけるｓｈｏｕｌｄｅｒ　ｉｍｐｉｎｇｅｍｅｎｔの発生メカニズムの解明

本年度对4种泳姿的三维盂肱关节运动进行了测量。在不同的泳姿阶段，均可观察到肩关节过度运动导致肩关节撞击（机械应力）的发生率，其中蛙泳、蝶泳、蛙泳和仰泳的发生率分别为8.6±7.3%、7.9±10.3%、11.1±7.8%和3.8±4.9%。这些过度的盂肱关节形态经常在游泳时手臂达到最高仰角的瞬间被观察到。对正常前爬泳和阻力游泳时的盂肱关节运动进行了比较。结果表明，两种情况下关节运动的时间序列数据具有相似的模式，但关节运动的峰值在两种情况下略有不同。RMSE为11度；盂肱部抬高16度；在水平外展和11度；在内旋转中。然而，这些运动误差并没有产生两种情况下发生过度肩关节的中风阶段的差异。一篇关于游泳时肩关节运动和肩部撞击的研究论文已经准备好，并将提交给国际期刊。一篇关于前爬泳时肩部复合体运动学的论文已被接受在即将举行的国际会议上发表。

In this year, the three-dimensional glenohumeral joint motions in 4 styles of swimming strokes were measured. The excessive glenohumeral joint motion which may develop the impingement (the mechanical stress) on shoulder was observed for various stroke phases with the incidence of 8.6± 7.3%, 7.9±10.3%, 11.1±7.8% and 3.8±4.9% in the front crawl stroke, butterfly stroke, breast stroke and back stroke, respectively. These excessive glenohumeral joint configurations were observed frequently around the instant at which the arm attained to the peak elevation angle during swimming. the glenohumeral joint motion during normal front crawl swimming and resisted-swimming were compared with the methodology developed in last year. The result showed that time-series data of glenohumeral motion was in similar patterns between the two conditions, although the peak values of the joints motions were somewhat different between the two conditions. The RMSE were 11 degree; in glenohumeral elevation, 16 degree; in horizontal abduction and 11 degree; in internal rotation. However, these movement error did not generate difference between the two conditions for the stroke phases of which the excessive glenohumeral joint occurred. A research paper on the glenohumeral joint motion and shoulder impingement during swimming has currently been prepared and will be submitted to an International journal. A proceeding on the kinematics of shoulder complex during front crawl swimming has been accepted for presenting at an upcoming international conference.