FOR 522: Architecture of Nano- and Microdimensional Building Blocks

未来在纳米力学、传感器、光子学和电子学等领域的应用需要一种新型的微纳米结构。这些结构将充分利用三维空间，首先作为单个元素，后来也作为网络。在应变管理和互连性方面，新的设计自由度成为可能。这种方法适用于纳米线和微柱、螺旋、卷轴、圆柱体或类似结构的制造。它们新颖的功能使它们成为上述应用程序的基本构建块。我们设想的结构是在自由空间中建造的。它们将以最少的使用图案技术，采用自组装和定向自组装的原则来制造。这种自下而上的方法使我们能够创造出自上而下的技术无法创造的新颖结构，例如螺旋和具有极端宽高比的结构。我们的结构与纳米颗粒、团簇、介观不均匀性、嵌入在平面基质（量子点）或液体（胶体量子点）中的纳米结构有着根本的不同，这些结构目前正在深入研究中。我们的建筑模块复杂的三维设计可以包含曲率，并导致其他任何方式都无法实现的特性。结构的大小取决于物理性质，如电子或光子约束或相稳定性。

Future applications in nanomechanics, sensorics, photonics and electronics require a novel kind of architecture von micro- and nanostructures. These structures will fully use the three-dimensional space, first as single elements, later also as networks. New degrees of design freedom become possible with regard to strain management and interconnectivity. This approach is followed for the fabrication of nanowires and microcolumns, spirals, scrolls, cylinders or similar structures. Their novel functionality makes them elementary building blocks for the above mentioned applications.The structures envisioned by us are constructed in free space. They will be fabricated with minimum use of patterning technology, employing the principles of self-assembly and directed self-assembly. This bottum-up approach allows us to create novel structures which cannot be created by top-down technology, e.g. spirals and structures with extreme aspect ratio.Our structures are fundamentally different from nanoparticles, clusters, mesoscopic inhomogeneities, nanostructures embedded in a planar matrix (quantum dots) or a liquid (colloidal quantum dots) which are currently under intense investigation. The complex, three-dimensional design of our building blocks can contain curvatures and leads to properties which cannot be achieved in any other way. The size scale of the structures depends on the physical properties such as electron or photon confinement or phase stability.