SFB 259: High Temperature Problems of Reusable Space Vehicles

该合作研究中心的目标是在未来可重复使用空间飞行器的高温问题领域获得新的基础知识和发展调查方法，被定义为配备吸气式发动机并在高超音速范围内运行的空气动力学持续运输装置。这些运输设备水平起飞和着陆的能力，因此它们的可重复使用性需要一个或两个阶段的有翼飞行器，覆盖起飞，地球轨道和着陆之间的所有飞行范围，最高可达25马赫。因此，在高超音速飞行期间，特别是在上层再入期间，遇到了极高的温度，提出了必须描述和研究解决方案的问题。因此，为了实现整个传输系统，获得热流与高温材料结构相互作用的精确信息是至关重要的。合作研究中心259的工作重点主要放在这个问题上。材料、构造方法和热结构及其现实计算和试验是未来空间飞行器发展的关键因素。特别研究了非金属复合材料C/C和C/SIC（碳纤维增强碳和碳纤维增强碳化硅）在遇到的高温下的行为。为了实现对热负荷的可靠控制，计划的任务必须改进再入条件下的诊断方法，并详细了解材料行为、燃烧过程和操作程序。这些复杂的问题是由有关学科的科学家密切合作解决的。

The objective of this collaborative research centre is to acquire new basic knowledge and develop investigation methods in the field of high temperature problems of future reusable space vehicles, defined as aerodynamically sustained transport devices equipped with air-breathing engines and operating in the hypersonic range. The capacibility of these transport devices to take off and land horizontally and therefore their reusability requires one or two-staged winged flight vehicles which cover all flight ranges up to Mach 25 between take off, earth orbiting and landing. Thereby during a hypersonic flight, especially during the reentry of the upper stage, extremely high temperatures are encountered, posing problems to which solutions have to be described and investigated.For the realization of the entire transport system it is therefore essential that exact information is acquired on the interaction of the hot flow with the structure made from high temperature materials. The work of the collaborative research centre 259 places its emphasis primarily on this subject.Materials, construction methods and hot structures as well as their realistic computation and testing are critical factors for the development of future space vehicles. In particular the behaviour of non-metallic compound materials C/C and C/SIC (carbon fibre reinforced carbon and carbon fibre reinforced sillicon carbide) at the encountered high temperatures is investigated.To achieve a reliable control of the thermal loads, it is essential for the projected missions to have improved diagnostic methods under reentry conditions and detailed knowledge of the material behaviour, combustions processes and the operation procedures. These complex problems are solved by a close cooperation between the scientists of the disciplines concerned.