SFB 448: Mesoscopically Organized Composites

这个合作研究中心探索了合成和表征化学复合材料的新策略，这些复合材料的结构长度范围从1到100纳米，即远高于简单分子的大小，但低于经典复合材料的（宏观）尺寸。这种介观结构的复合材料系统可能表现出新的特性和功能，这些特性和功能直接来自于隔室的大小和/或单个结构单元之间的相互作用。合作研究中心的目标是开发这种类型的新型功能材料，这些材料具有潜在的应用前景。纳米复合材料的构建单元是通过逐步化学合成（例如，功能化的枝状大分子或聚对苯二烯）、聚合（两亲性和杂化嵌段共聚物等）和其他方法获得的。建筑单元通过应用超分子化学原理或利用分子自组装或伙伴之间的静电相互作用，以分层方式组装成所需的介观复合材料。嵌段共聚物也被用作无机盐矿化的模板，它们的胶束或溶变相被用来指导二氧化硅前驱体缩聚成有序的聚合物/陶瓷纳米复合材料和介孔陶瓷材料。新型介观结构复合材料可以通过现代实验技术以及理论模型和分子模拟技术来研究强约束几何中物质或探测分子的物理化学行为。

This collaborative research centre explores new strategies for thesynthesis and characterization of chemical composites which arestructured on a length scale from 1 to 100 nanometers, i.e. well abovethe size of simple molecules but below the (macroscopic) sizes ofclassical composite materials. Such mesoscopically structured composite systems may exhibit novel properties and functions which result directly from the size of the compartments and/or the interactions between the individual structural units. The collaborative research centre aims at novel functional materialsof this type with controlled properties for potential applications.The building units of the nano-composites are obtained by stepwisechemical synthesis (e.g., functionalized dendrimers orpoly-paraphenylenes), by polymerization (amphiphilic and hybrid blockcopolymers, etc.), and by other methods. The building units areassembled in a hierarchical manner to the desired mesoscopic composites by applying the principles of supramolecular chemistry or making use of molecular self assembly or of electrostatic interactions between the partners. Block copolymers are also used as templates for the mineralization of inorganic salts and their micelles or lyotropic phases are used to direct the condensation of silica precursors to ordered polymer/ceramic nanocomposites and mesoporous ceramic materials. The novel mesoscopically structured composites can be used to study the physico-chemical behavior of substances or probe molecules in strongly confined geometries by means of modern experimental techniques as well as theoretical models and molecular simulation techniques.