Japanese low-consumptive wildlife tourism: meaning and morality in hybrid online-offline spaces

这项研究建立了一个“动物引发的宫城旅游”的概念框架，将动物旅游、卡哇伊文化和人类福祉联系在一起。非人类的表演作品是从动物中激发出来的，目的是在游客中产生iyashi的感觉。这经常涉及到抱着/触摸动物的商品化遭遇，例如野生动物自拍，这对它们的福利产生了负面影响。游客对动物诱导的iyashi景点的看法受到文化的影响，西方游客看到圈养动物处于低福利条件下时，更有可能做出负面反应。在网上，游客们讨论了在日本的背景下“负责任的”动物旅游的含义，从而进行了集体道德反省。

The research developed a conceptual framework of ‘animal-induced iyashi tourism’, which drew connections between animal-based tourism, kawaii culture, and human wellbeing. Non-human performative work was elicited from animals in order to produce feelings of iyashi in tourists. This often involved commodified encounters involving holding/touching animals, e.g. wildlife selfies, that negatively impacted their welfare. Tourists’ perceptions of animal-induced iyashi attractions were culturally influenced, with Western tourists more likely to react negatively to seeing captive animals in low-welfare conditions. Online, tourists debated the meaning of ‘responsible’ animal tourism in the Japanese context, thereby exercising collective moral reflexivity.