Investigating the impact of new active remote sensing instruments on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models and developing observing strategies for these instruments for future field campaigns and operational applications

最近在全球天气预报模式中首次同化机载多普勒激光雷达观测结果表明，这种观测结果可以显著减少分析和预报误差。然而，观测数据库仅限于8次研究飞行。利用机载水蒸气激光雷达数据进行的类似影响研究预测了气候恶化，但数据集太小，无法完全解释负面影响的原因。在不久的将来，DLR计划在几次野外战役中部署机载多普勒激光雷达和水蒸汽激光雷达。预计这将提供一个独特的数据集，用于研究预报模式对初始条件的敏感性，并提高对导致高影响天气的物理过程的理解。该项目旨在为即将到来的使用机载激光雷达的野外战役开发和评估自适应观测策略，并将调查观测系统对敏感地区的操作适应性的适用性。收集到的观测资料将被吸收到ECMWF全球模式中，以研究目标观测的价值，机载和星载激光雷达在未来观测系统中的潜力，并将通过专门的敏感性研究来研究热带气旋的热带外过渡（ET）。

The first assimilation of airborne Doppler lidar observations in a global weather forecast model recently demonstrated that such observations can significantly reduce analysis and forecast errors. However, the observational data base was limited to eight research flights. Similar impact studies using airborne water vapour lidar data led to forecast deterioration, but the data set was too small to fully explain reasons for the negative impact. In the near future, DLR is planning to deploy an airborne Doppler lidar together with a water vapour lidar during several field campaigns. This is expected to provide a unique data set to investigate the sensitivity of forecast models to initial conditions and to improve the understanding of physical processes causing high-impact weather. This project intends to develop and evaluate adaptive observing strategies for upcoming field campaigns using airborne lidars and will investigate the applicability of an operational adaptation of the observing system to sensitive areas. The collected observations will be assimilated in the ECMWF global model to investigate the value of targeted observations, the potential of air- and spaceborne lidars for the future observing system, and will investigate extra-tropical transition (ET) of tropical cyclones through dedicated sensitivity studies.