Tolerance limits of early live history stages and their relevance for the biodiversity and biogeography of reptant decapod crustaceans

爬行的十足甲壳类动物在南极水域几乎没有。其中一个原因可能是十足爬行动物主要表现为浮游营养性（摄食）幼虫。浮游营养化幼虫的分类群向高纬度方向明显减少。王蟹（Lithodidae）是近年来在亚南极和南极水域发现的，主要表现为卵化（非摄食），幼虫期缩短，可能会重新在南极水域定居。与浮游营养型幼虫相比，电营养型幼虫对冷水的耐受性可能更强。为了验证蟹幼虫的热耐受性假设，本文以爬行动物十足类为模型组，提出以下工作假设：从细胞到有机体水平测量，食油营养幼虫的热耐受窗口比浮游营养幼虫更宽。这有利于在极低和极高温度下具有食电性幼虫的物种。与浮游营养型幼虫相比，营养型幼虫在最大的发育时间内表现出最低的基线能量成本，但活动范围较小，这反映了营养型幼虫与浮游营养型幼虫在维持成本、发育和活动之间的权衡。目的是揭示以浮游营养型幼虫为主的爬行十足甲壳类动物的生物多样性和生物地理特征与发育模式（石养与浮游营养型）和幼虫热耐受性的相关性。

Reptant decapod crustaceans are almost absent in Antarctic waters. One reason could be that reptant decapoda mainly exhibit planktotrophic (feeding) larvae. Taxa with planktotrophic larvae always show a clear decrease toward high latitudes. King crabs (Lithodidae), which have recently been found in sub-Antarctic and Antarctic waters, mainly show lecithotrophy (non-feeding) with abbreviated larval phases and might be able to recolonize Antarctic waters. Lecithotrophic larvae might be more tolerant to cold waters in comparison to planktotrophic larvae.In order to test the hypotheses of thermal tolerance of crab larvae, the following working hypothesis using reptant decapod species as a model group are proposed:1. Thermal tolerance windows of lecithotrophic larvae, measured from the cellular to the organismic level, are broader compared to planktotrophic larvae. This favours species with lecithotrophic larvae at extreme low and high temperatures.2. Compared to planktotrophic larvae lecithotrophic larvae show a minimization of baseline energy costs at maximized developmental time but reduced scopes for activity, which reflects trade-offs between maintenance costs, development and activity of lecithotrophic versus planktotrophic larvae. The goal is to unravel the relevance of developmental modes (lecithotrophic versus planktotrophic) and larval thermal tolerance for the biodiversity and biogeography of reptant decapod crustaceans exhibiting predominately planktotrophic larvae.