An Attempt to Use Distribution of Insects as an Index for Assessment of Urban Environment

在大阪市附近的三个住宅郊区（小和田（森口市）、牧野（平田市）和永高代（平田市）），通过个人计算机从LANDSAT数据估计的绿地面积分别为7.3%、14.0%和51.5%。分别是小和田、牧野和长代。对这3个地区大学校园内蝉蜕物的分布情况进行了调查。收集到4种腐皮，其中黑斑笔盐虫和面隐鼓膜虫占99%以上。面隐鼓膜占小和田的66%，马基里奥的34%，长高代的4%；面隐鼓室在城市地区更为常见。1996年和1997年在这些地区采用样条计数法监测蝴蝶群落。两年间在小和田、牧野和长高代分别观察到9种、21种和30种。在小和田、牧野和长野代地区，常见的蝴蝶种类有7种，分别占总数的99.4%、96.2和81.3%。Sunose的BI指数将小和田、牧野和长野代三个地区分别划分为郊区到城市阶段、典型居住郊区阶段和农村到郊区阶段。1997年和1998年在京都市附近的居民区桂村采用样带计数法对蝴蝶群落进行了监测，并对1991年至1996年的蝴蝶观测或采集记录进行了总结，2年样带所观测到的各种蝴蝶种群密度与以往记录呈正相关。结果表明，El指数、7种蝴蝶群落中常见物种的比例以及蝉群落中隐翅蝉的比例可作为城市生物环境的指标，2年样带对住区郊区蝴蝶群落的描述是必要的。

Three residential suburb areas (Owada (Moriguchi city), Makino (Hirakata city) and Nagaodai (Hirakata city)) near Osaka city were subjected, Green area estimated from LANDSAT data by a personal computer were estimated 7.3%, 14.0% and 51.5% in. Owada, Makino arid Nagaodai, respectively. The distribution of exuviae of cicada at university campuses in these 3 areas was investigated. Four kinds of the exuviae were collected and Graptopsaltria nigrofuscata and Cryptotympana facialis were occupied more than 99% of those. The percentage of Cryptotympana facialis was 66% at Owada, 34% at Makirio and 4% at Nagaodai ; Cryptotympana facialis was much more common in the more urban sites. Butterfly communities were monitored by a transect-count method at these areas in 1996 and 1997. Nine species in Owada, 21 species in Makino, and 30 species in Nagaodai were observed in the two years. Seven species such as Pseudozizceria maha were commonly observed in all the areas and occupied 99.4, 96.2 and 81,3% of the butterflies in Owada, Makino and Nagaodai, respectively. Sunose's BI index distinguish the 3 areas separately and estimated Owada, Makino arid Nagaodai as a suburban to urban stage, a typical residential suburb and a rural-suburb stage, respectively. In Katsura, a residential suburb near Kyoto city, butterfly communities were monitored by a transect-count method in 1997 and 1998 and the records of observation or collection of butterflies in 1991 to 1996 were summarized, The population density of each species observed in the 2-year-transect was positively associated with the previous records. These results indicate that the El index and the percentage of the 7 common species in butterfly communities as well as the percentage of Cryptotympana facialis in cicada communities are available as indices of urban biological environment, and that two-year-transect is necessary to elucidate a butterfly community in a residential suburb area.