DEVEROPMENT OF LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT METHOD FOR EVALUATION OF LOCAL ENVIRONMENT

生命周期评价（LCA）是一种有用的分析方法，评价特定产品的环境影响，包括原材料获取，制造，加工，配方，分销，运输，使用，再利用/维护，回收和废物管理。然而，以往的研究并未对回收阶段和废物管理阶段的环境负荷进行量化。本研究对环境负荷进行了定性和量化，并对部分产品进行了LCA分析。首先，以CO_2（二氧化碳）排放量为指标，量化城市生活垃圾处理的环境负荷。废物处理方案包括减少废物的产生、回收饮料容器和从废物衍生燃料中回收能源。不同处理方式的co2排放量差异较大。同时，阐明了包括二次产品在内的不视为废弃物的物料流分析的必要性。其次，研究了炼铁工业的物料流程，量化了回收阶段的环境负荷。我们之所以关注这个行业，是因为它很容易获得关于回收的数据和信息，因为他们已经建立了一个回收系统。因此，储存量在社会上和一个期限内对材料的回收利用起着重要的作用。最后对6种饮料容器（PET瓶、可回收玻璃瓶、不可回收玻璃瓶、铝罐、钢罐、纸盒）及其附件（瓶盖、涂层材料）进行LCA分析。在分析中，每个场景都考虑了再利用、闭环回收和开环回收。因此，配件的环境负荷是不可忽略的，尽管以前的研究没有提到它们。然而，直接比较每个饮料容器的环境负荷是不可能的，因为我们必须为每个产品使用不同的数据，因为有用的信息有限。少

Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a useful analytical method evaluating for environmental impacts of a particular product, including raw materials acquisition, manufacturing I processing I formulation, distribution I transportation, use I reuse/maintenance, recycle and waste management. Environmental loads in the recycling stage and waste management stage, however, has not been quantified in previous researches. In this study, the environmental loads were qualified and quantified and LCA of some products were performed.First, environmental loads of municipal solid waste disposal is quantified based on CO_2 (carbon dioxide) emission. The scenario of waste disposal consists of reducing of waste generation, recycling of beverage containers and energy recovery from refuse derived fuels. The CO_2 emission of each disposal methods showed large difference. At the same time, necessity of material flow analysis including secondary products, which are not considered as waste, is clarified.Next, mat … More erial flow of iron industry was researched and environmental loads in the recycling stage were quantified. The reason why we focused on the industry is that it is easy to get data and information about recycling, because they had been established a recycling system. As the results, storage quantity in the society and a term the material will be recycled played an important role.Finally, LCA analysis of 6 kinds of beverage container (PET bottle, returnable glass bottle, nonreturnable glass bottle, aluminum can, steel can, paper carton) including accessories (a cap and coating materials) were performed. In the analysis, reuse, closed-loop recycling and open-loop recycling were considered in each scenarios. As the results, environmental loads of accessories were not negligible, although previous studies have not refer to them. However, the direct comparison of environmental loads of each beverage containers was impossible, because we had to use different data for each products as useful information was limited. Less