Structure Formation and Relaxation Phenomena in Polymeric Systems

对以下三种聚合物进行了实验和分析.聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯：同时进行介电弛豫和X射线散射的实时测量。在观察到晶化之前，介电弛豫由一次弛豫转变为另一次弛豫，然后介电弛豫的变化伴随着晶化而发生。这一现象解释为：非晶区的分子运动模式在晶化前发生变化，然后转变为受晶层约束的模式.全同立构聚苯乙烯：通过X射线散射、原子力显微镜和电子显微镜研究了生长速率和形貌对晶化条件的依赖性。在薄膜中的结晶，它示出的晶体形态和缺陷的影响的基板和形态成为扩散控制的膜厚度的减小。此外，生长速率与薄膜厚度成正比，并用爬行模型解释了实验结果.全同立构聚丙烯：高阶结构的形成过程被证明是不是spinodal-like的，但通过X射线散射的成核过程。玻璃化转变温度随着近晶相的形成而降低。

Experiments and analysis were performed for the following three kinds of polymers.1. Polyethylene terephthalate : Simultaneous real-time measurements of dielectric relaxation and x-ray scattering were performed. Before crystallization is observed, the dielectric primary relaxation changes into another relaxation, then the change in dielectric relaxation occurs accompanying the crystallization. This phenomena are interpreted as follows : the mode of molecular motion in amorphous region changes prior to crystallization and then the mode changes into the one constrained by the crystalline lamellae.2. Isotactic polystyrene : The dependence of growth rate and morphology on crystallization conditions was examined by x-ray scattering, atomic force and electron microscopies, . In the crystallization in thin film, it is shown that crystal morphology and the defects are affected by the substrates and that the morphology becomes diffusion-controlled with decreasing film thickness. Further, the growth rate is shown to be reciprocally proportional to the film thickness, and the results were interpreted in terms of the reptation model.3. Isotactic Polypropylene : The higher-order structure formation process is shown not to be spinodal-like but the nucleation process by the x-ray scattering. The glass transition temperature is found to decrease with the formation of smectic phase.