Basic Studies on Nature Conservation and Recreational Use in Mountain Watershed Areas

a)过度使用是山区分水岭地区的主要问题。大雪山国立公园的历史统计和目前的游客调查明确了访问改善与游客数量增加之间的关系。GIS进一步分析表明，通道的改善鼓励了日间徒步旅行者的快速增加，并导致了位于高山植被覆盖的脆弱环境中的小径的土壤侵蚀。b)为了评价流域的心理影响，在脑电图仪的帮助下，比较了瀑布、溪流和鸟鸣等自然声音与人为噪音的影响。然后采用模糊层次分析法和标准差法对记录数据进行分析。c)在日光国家公园的流域研究了植被类型与人类和野生动物影响之间的关系。很明显，游客数量在12年内翻了一番，鹿在流域地区大量浏览植被。到目前为止，外来植被还不明显，但归化植物入侵的可能性很大。d)掌握河床地形，为山地流域环境协调型水土流失治理设施建设提供支持是必不可少的。为此，研制了一种由图像处理器和数码相机组成的流信息分析系统。

a) Overuse is the major issue in the watershed areas in the mountain ranges. The historic statistics and current visitor surveys in Daisetsuzan National Park clarified the relationships between access improvement and increment of visitor numbers. Further analysis by GIS demonstrated that access improvement encouraged the rapid increase of day-hikers and caused soil erosion at trails located on fragile environment covered with alpine vegetation.b) For the purpose of evaluating the mental effects of watershed areas, the impact of natural sounds such as waterfalls, streams and bird songs were compared with man-made noises with the help of an electroencephalograph. Then the recorded data was analyzed using both fuzzy AHP and SD method. It became clear that the subjects prefer bird songs and murmurs to sounds of waterfalls or in an-made noises.c) The relations between vegetation types and human and wildlife impacts were studied at watersheds in Nikko National Park, It became clear that the number of visitors doubled in 12 years, and deer browsed heavily the vegetation at watershed areas. So far non-native vegetation is not obvious, but the possibility of invasion of naturalized plants is high.d) It is indispensable to grasp riverbed topography to support the construction of environmentally harmonized erosion control facilities at mountain watershed areas. For this purpose, a stream information analysis system consisting of an image processor and a digital camera was developed.