Development of Eco-Farming System in the Northern Thailand

“泰国北部生态农业系统的发展”国际科研资助项目是九州东海大学农学院与泰国前肇大学农业生产学院的合作研究项目。按日本财政年度计算，该项目于1997年启动，1999年终止。在这三年中，来自九州东海大学的17位研究科学家访问了泰国北部，包括农学，果树学，蔬菜和观赏作物学，植物育种，昆虫学，植物病理学和农业经济学等各个研究领域。前辅大学共15名科研人员应邀前往日本熊本。本项目取得的主要研究成果总结如下：1。农艺学领域：泰国农作物产量的制约因素主要是缺水、病虫害。为了尽快解决上述问题，需要采取更多的措施。我们访问了几个农民的田地和农业研究所，与前jo大学的农学家讨论了开展可持续农业和增加作物产量的可能性。建议在不久的将来需要进一步的调查和研究工作。植物育种领域：从日本各地和泰国等国外收集结缕草种质资源，作为遗传资源进行育种，培育常绿型结缕草。我们选育了泰国短休眠生态型和日本抗寒生态型的杂交品种，并对它们进行了试验栽培研究。昆虫学领域：我们与前市大学的科学家就可持续农业下如何利用天敌的基本信息交换了意见。调查了稻田害虫天敌和密度较高的蜘蛛的区系。为了寻找园艺作物的有效传粉者，我们对泰国北部的野生蜜蜂动物群进行了调查。结果共采集到4科6属10种。水果领域：本项目调查了泰国北部热带水果生产、主要品种和商业产品在当地市场的流通情况。为培育新品种，建立农业新技术，在我校农场引进了柑桔、柚、芒果等主要品种。蔬菜和观赏作物科学领域：我们项目的目的是应用我们从日本伊洛莫特岛的前项目中获得的知识，作为野生兰花保护的典范。为了保护或取代人工繁殖的植物，有时会干扰自然栖息地。泰国野生兰花spthoglottis的同工酶分析显示出种内变异，提示我们必须重视种内变异。植物病理学领域：在泰国北部山区，一直在为居住在这些地区的山地部落推广种植一些蔬菜、观赏作物和果树。我们发现了一些土生真菌和细菌疾病的发生。为了在没有农药的情况下预防这些疾病，我们强烈建议使用从这些地区的土壤或植物中分离出来的生物防治剂。农业经济领域：在泰国，由于农产品价格的大幅度波动，农民面临着严重的农业经济问题。指出要解决这些农业经济问题，必须对营销制度与营销信息之间的关系进行研究。实际分析营销信息对农民的重要作用是十分重要的。少

Research Project Grant-in-Aid for International Scientific Research Project entitled "Development of Eco-Farming System in the Northern Thailand" is the cooperative research project between School of Agriculture, Kyushu Tokai University and Faculty of Agricultural Production, Maejo University, Thailand. The project initiated at 1997 and terminated at 1999 in Japanese fiscal years. During these 3 years, from Kyushu Tokai University, total of 17 research scientists including various research field such as Agronomy, Pomology, Vegetables and Ornamental Crops Science, Plant Breeding, Entomology, Plant Pathology and Agricultural Economics were visited to Northern Thailand. From Maejo University, total of 15 research scientific staffs were invited to Kumamoto, Japan.The major research results obtained from this project are summarized as followings :1. Agronomy Field : Yield constraints in crop production in Thailand are mainly water supply, disease and insect damage. Analyses from many aspect … More s are necessary to solve above problems as soon as possible. We visited several farmers' field and agricultural institutes to discuss the possibility of conducting sustainable agriculture and increasing crop production with agronomists 0f Maejo University. It was suggested that further investigation and research work are need in our near future.2. Plant Breeding Field : We are collecting germplasm of Zoysia species from all over Japan and in some foreign country including Thailand, and used as genetic resources for breeding to develop an evergreen type. We had some hybrids between collected ecotype in Thailand, which has short dormancy and collected ecotype in Japan, which has cold resistance, and research the test cultivation of them.3. Entomology Field : We exchanged views with the basic information how we can utilize of natural enemies under the sustainable agriculture to scientists of Maejo University. We investigated the fauna of natural enemies to rice insect pests, and spiders that population density is relatively high in paddy field. And in order to search for effective pollinators for horticultural crops, we made a survey of wild bee fauna in the Northern Thailand. As a result, a total of 10 species belonging to 6 genera of 4 families were collected.4. Pomology Field : Tropical fruit production, the leading cultivars and the circulation of commercial products through local markets in the Northern Thailand were surveyed in this project. Particularly, citrus leading cultivars of tangoros and pummelos and mango dwarf lines were introduced to our university farm for producing new cultivars and establishing new agricultural techniques.5. Vegetables and Ornamental Crops Science Field : The purpose of our project is to apply the knowledge which we got from the former project in Iriomote Island, Japan, as a model of the conservation of wild orchid. To conserve or replace the artificially propagated plants to the nature sometimes disturb the natural habitat. Isozyme analysis of wild orchids, Spathoglottis in Thailand showed the intra-specific variation, suggesting that we have to pay attention to the intra-specific variation.6. Plant Pathology Field : In the mountainous areas of the northern Thailand, it has been promoting to produce some vegetables, ornamental crops and fruit trees for hill-tribes lived in those areas. We found out occurrences of some soil-born fungal and bacterial disease. To prevent these diseases without agricultural chemicals, we strongly suggested that the biological control agents, which isolated from soil or plant of those areas, should be utilized.7. Agricultural Economics Field : In Thailand, farmers meet serious agricultural economic problems caused be wide fluctuation of price of agricultural products. I pointed out that researches have to conduct on the relationships between marketing systems and marketing information, to solve these agricultural economic problems. It is important that we practically analyze on the important role of marketing information for farmer. Less