ANALYSIS OF COEVOLUTIONARY RELATIONSHIPS IN THE COMMUNITIES CONSISTED OF BEANS, BEAN WEEVILS, AND PARASITIC WASPS IN TERMS OF THEIR PHYLOGENETIC CONSTRAINTS

本研究的主要目的是探讨捕食者-被捕食者相互作用中协同进化关系的起源。我们使用的生物群落由三个营养级与豆类，豆象甲，寄生蜂。本研究采自台湾、泰国、缅甸、孟加拉国、多哥、塞内加尔、贝宁、喀麦隆、澳洲、美国（亚利桑那州、印第安纳州）、墨西哥等地，利用分子系统发育分析法，对大豆的被捕食者和捕食者进行系统发育分析。我们将田间收获的大豆带回实验室，等待大豆象鼻虫和寄生蜂的出现。将出现的成虫保存在酒精溶液中并用于DNA分析。必要时，将一部分出现的标本送到C教授那里。D.约翰逊或卡萨斯教授进行进一步鉴定。利用PCR-RFLP技术，从mtDNA的Cox-I、Cox-II、ND 5等区域获得了DNA信息。根据这些数据，我们开始构建系统发育树。我们还建立了许多从收集的豆类中出现的地理品系。这些菌株开始被用于长期的实验室实验的捕食者-捕食者群落动态。

The main purpose of this research is to investigate the origin of coevolutionary relationships in the prey-predator interactions. We used the biotic communities consisted of three trophic levels with beans, bean weevils, and parasitic wasps. We employed the molecular phylogenetic relationship analysis for both prey and predator species.For this purpose, we collected beans from many sites in the world, including Taiwan, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Togo, Senegal, Benin, Cameroon, Australia, USA(Arizona, Indiana), and Mexico. We brought back the beans collected during the field tirps to the laboratory, and waited for the emergence of bean weevils and parasitic wasps. Emerged adult were preserved in alcohol solutions and used for DNA analyses. If necessary, a part of the emerged specimen was sent to Prof. C. D. Johnson or Prof. Casas for further identifications. We obtained DNA information by PCR-RFLP based on the mtDNA region such as Cox-I, Cox-II, ND5. We began construction of phylogenetic trees based on these data.We also established many geographical strains of bean weevils which emerged from the collected beans. These strains began to be used for the long-term laboratory experiments of the prey-predator community dynamics.