A Unified Nanopore Platform for Direct Sequencing of Individual Full Length RNA Strands Bearing Modified Nucleotides

摘要 我们建议实现一个统一的平台，用于检测RNA核苷酸修饰的连续完整的 使用纳米孔直接RNA测序来长度RNA链。原则上，这项技术可以用于所有 在原核和真核细胞中的RNA分子的类别。对于RNA来说， 测序，因为目前的标准，使用Solexa技术的合成测序需要 将天然细胞RNA转化为短（~300 nt）cDNA扩增子。这样做，核苷酸修饰 删除和完整的RNA链的连续性丢失，从而排除了RNA的准确定量 同种型。纳米孔链测序克服了这些限制，因为~2纳米长的积分 当完整的天然RNA链被驱动通过孔时，传感器接触并识别沿着完整的天然RNA链的每个碱基沿着 通过施加电压。因此，实现了给定RNA链的端对端序列分析。 在资助期内，我们将致力于三个具体目标：1）建立ONT直接 RNA测序，并实施有针对性的改进; 2）实施发现和记录方法 天然RNA链上的核苷酸修饰;以及3）优化用于分析mRNA的纳米孔技术 同种型多样性 加州大学圣克鲁斯是唯一具备承担这一项目： i）我们开创了纳米孔RNA链分析（Akeson/Deamer），最近证明了牛津 Nanopore MinION纳米孔测序仪可以解析单个核苷酸变体和碱基修饰， 16 S rRNA链（Akeson）。 ii）我们的RNA中心包括14名教职员工。本申请的共同研究者具有以下方面的专业知识： RNA剪接机制（Sanford），正常和异常RNA亚型的功能后果 合成（布鲁克斯）和RNA的结构生物学（战神）。合作RNA中心教师将建议 核非编码RNA实验（Carpenter，Kim）和H9 ES细胞（Salama）。 iii）我们的基因组研究所在生物信息学方面得到国际认可，包括最近在 递归神经网络在人类基因组单体型分析和全基因组纳米孔中的应用 碱基修饰的检测（Paten）。

ABSTRACT We propose to implement a unified platform for detecting RNA nucleotide modifications on contiguous full length RNA strands using nanopore direct RNA sequencing. In principle, this technology could be used for all classes of RNA molecules in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. It is a logical technical advance for RNA sequencing because the current standard, sequencing-by-synthesis using Solexa technology requires conversion of native cellular RNA into short (~300 nt) cDNA amplicons. In so doing, nucleotide modifications are erased and the continuity of intact RNA strands is lost, thus precluding accurate quantification of RNA isoforms. Nanopore strand sequencing overcomes these limitations because the ~2 nanometer-long integral sensor touches and identifies each base along intact native RNA strands as they are driven through the pore by an applied voltage. Thus, end-to-end sequence analysis of a given RNA strand is achieved. During the grant period, we will pursue three specific aims: 1) Establish baseline performance of ONT direct RNA sequencing, and implement targeted improvements; 2) Implement methods to discover and document nucleotide modifications on native RNA strands; and 3) Optimize nanopore technology for analysis of mRNA isoform diversity. UC Santa Cruz is uniquely equipped to undertake this project: i) We pioneered nanopore RNA strand analysis (Akeson/Deamer) and recently demonstrated that the Oxford Nanopore MinION nanopore sequencer can resolve single nucleotide variants and base modifications in single 16S rRNA strands (Akeson). ii) Our RNA Center includes fourteen faculty members. Co-investigators on this application have expertise in mechanisms of RNA splicing (Sanford), the functional consequences of normal and aberrant RNA isoform synthesis (Brooks), and the structural biology of RNA (Ares). Collaborating RNA Center faculty will advise on nuclear non-coding RNA experiments (Carpenter, Kim) and on H9 ES cells (Salama). iii) Our Genomics Institute is internationally recognized for bioinformatics, including recent advances in application of Recurrent Neural Networks to human genome haplotyping, and genome-wide nanopore detection of base modifications (Paten).