Optimizing Stroke Prophylaxis of Acute Atrial Fibrillation with an Electronic Clinical Decision Support Tool: A Stepped-Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial Design

抽象语句 心房颤动(房颤)是世界上最常见的心律失常，发病率和死亡率都很高。使用 适当口服抗凝，房颤引发中风的风险降低%。虽然是心房 纤颤通常在急诊科诊断和治疗，口服抗凝是 严重低估了处方。处方不足被归因于缺乏授权和推迟 给纵向护理临床医生开处方。然而，患者往往不进行纵向护理的随访。 临床医生，导致错过了提供指南建议的护理的机会。我们的建议侧重于 错过了改变急诊室对患有房颤患者的护理轨迹的机会 早期适当的口服抗凝药物，从而改善临床疗效。本R01 医生-科学家早期研究人员提案与NHLBI的使命一致，以促进 预防和治疗心脏病…并增强所有人的健康，以便他们能够 更长和更有成就感的生命。我们利用现有的门诊共享决策临床决策 为房颤患者改善卒中预防并测试其改善能力的支持工具 指南-急诊科急性护理环境中的推荐护理-快节奏、间歇性、 高强度环境。电子健康记录临床决策支持(CDS)工具已经成为一种 对临床医生进行最佳实践指导的手段，并可对临床结果产生重大影响。通过 提高指南的遵从性并改善从急诊科到门诊的护理过渡，这 提案可以显著降低心房颤动患者的中风风险，干预措施 可以在其他环境中迅速有效地传播。这个项目是一个收敛的平行项目。 定量-定性研究(混合方法)由三个部分组成：(1)实施临床 多中心阶梯-楔形群随机试验中的决策支持工具，(2)确定临床医生 理想的房颤护理和完善CDS工具的促进者和障碍 方法，以及(3)探索患者对该工具的满意度，以实现未来的可扩展性和普适性。 这项研究将使Kea博士了解每一家医院的独特环境是如何 与CDS工具互动，以及如何改进该工具以进行大规模传播，包括农村和 资源贫乏的环境，在全国范围内。

Abstract Statement Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in the world, with significant morbidity and mortality. With appropriate oral anticoagulation, the risk of stroke due to atrial fibrillation decreases by 64%. Although atrial fibrillation is commonly diagnosed and treated in the Emergency Department (ED), oral anticoagulation is significantly underprescribed. Underprescribing has been attributed to a lack of empowerment and deferral of prescribing to longitudinal care clinicians. However, patients often do not follow-up with longitudinal care clinicians, resulting in missed opportunities to provide guideline-recommended care. Our proposal focuses on this missed opportunity to change the trajectory of care in the ED for patients with atrial fibrillation with appropriate early prescribing of oral anticoagulants, and thereby, improve clinical outcomes. This R01 Physician-Scientist Early Investigator proposal is in keeping with the mission of NHLBI "to promote the prevention and treatment of heart disease … and enhance the health of all individuals so that they can live longer and more fulfilling lives." We leverage an existing outpatient shared-decision making clinical decision support tool to improve stroke prevention for patients with atrial fibrillation and test its ability to improve guideline-recommended care in the acute care setting of the Emergency Department—a fast-paced, episodic, high-intensity environment. Electronic health record clinical decision support (CDS) tools have emerged as a means to guide clinicians on best practices and can make a significant impact on clinical outcomes. By increasing guideline adherence and improving the transition of care from the ED to the outpatient setting, this proposal could significantly reduce the risk of stroke for patients with atrial fibrillation with an intervention that could be rapidly and effectively disseminated across other settings. The project is a convergent parallel quantitative-qualitative study (mixed-methods) consisting of three components: (1) Implement a clinical decision support tool in a multi-centered stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial, (2) Identify clinician facilitators and barriers to ideal AF care and refine CDS tools for different settings using qualitative approaches, and (3) Explore patient satisfaction with the tool for future scalability and generalizability. This research will allow Dr. Kea to gain knowledge on how the unique environments of each hospital setting interacts with the CDS tool and how to refine the tool for large-scale dissemination, including rural and resource-poor environments, on a national scale.