SPITFIRE: Self-Powered Biomass Stove For Remote Communities

在全球范围内，30亿人无法获得清洁的烹饪，而是依赖肮脏的木炭作为主要的烹饪和热水燃料。一氧化碳和颗粒物的排放(每年导致400万人死亡)导致世卫组织宣布，不清洁烹饪造成的污染是“世界上最大的单一环境健康风险”。作为替代办法，柴火的使用极大地影响了森林砍伐，因为不受管制地寻找柴火，同时对野生动物产生负面影响。撒哈拉以南非洲的生活质量也因缺乏(家庭和机构)电力供应而受到严重影响。根据世界粮食计划署的数据，赞比亚72%的人口没有电。喷火炉将解决对清洁烹饪解决方案的主要未得到满足的需求，以及缺乏电力供应的问题。这将通过开发一种负担得起的、低排放的、燃烧生物质颗粒的清洁炉灶来实现，该炉子可以产生不添加燃料的电力盈余。与传统燃烧相比，机构喷火炉将使用温度控制的气流调节来确保完全燃烧，以消除80%的CO和颗粒物排放。气流调节将通过由热电发电机(TEG)供电的电风扇进行，该电风扇既为电风扇供电，又提供剩余电力储存在带有充电端口的低压电池中，用于为小型电子设备充电/供电。此外，通过集成的水冷却系统对TEG进行冷却将提供免费的热水供应。SPITFIRE将开发：-用于TEG的新型高温热电材料和生产工艺，-15kW燃烧器技术，允许智能、温度控制的气流调节；-机构规模、可持续的生物质颗粒燃烧炉。通过冷热侧热接收器/交换器将扩大的炉子和燃烧器设计与新型高温TEG模块集成在一起，将需要合作伙伴之间的密切合作，以及多次系统级建模和模拟的迭代。喷火项目的最终目标是提供最终的炉子设计，组装30个示范产品，并在我们的主要目标市场赞比亚的公共服务机构厨房和当地企业(如餐馆、学校和孤儿院)的现场试验中验证炉子的性能。因此，喷火炉子将通过以下方式解决清洁烹饪和能源困境；-提供清洁、可持续、低排放的生物质燃烧炉灶；-提供将使用成本较低的生物质颗粒燃料的炉灶，这些燃料的价格约为液化石油气价格的三分之一，木炭价格的一半，通过利用当地来源的可持续林业生产生物质颗粒，确保赞比亚及其他地区能源供应的可靠性。

Globally, 3 billion people have no access to clean cooking, relying instead on dirty-burning charcoal as primary cooking and water heating fuel. The release of CO and PM (linked to \>4M deaths/year) led the WHO to declare pollution caused by unclean cooking as "the world's largest single environmental health risk". As its alternative, the use of firewood substantially influences deforestation, due to unregulated foraging for firewood, while negatively impacting wildlife.Quality of life in Sub-Saharan Africa is also severely impacted by lack of (domestic and institutional) access to electricity. According to the WDI, 72% of Zambia's population has no access to electricity.The SPITFIRE-stove will address both the major unmet need for clean cooking solutions and the lack of access to electricity. This will be achieved by developing an affordable, low-emission, biomass-pellet-burning clean-cookstove that generates a no-added-fuel electricity surplus. The institutional SPITFIRE-stove will use temperature-controlled airflow regulation to ensure complete combustion to eliminate \>80% of CO and particulate-matter emissions compared to traditional combustion. Airflow regulation will be via an electric fan, powered by a thermoelectric generator (TEG), which will both power the electric fan and provide an electricity surplus for storage in a low-voltage battery with charge-out ports for charging/powering small electronic devices. Furthermore, cooling of the TEG by an integrated water-cooling system will deliver a free supply of heated water.SPITFIRE will develop:-Novel high-temperature thermoelectric materials and production processes for the TEGs,-15kW burner technology that allows intelligent, temperature-controlled airflow regulation;-Institutional-scale, sustainable biomass-pellet-burning stove.Integration of the scaled-up stove and burner design with the novel high-temperature TEG module via hot- and cold-side heat receptors/exchangers will require close collaboration between the partners and multiple iterations of system level modelling and simulation. The SPITFIRE project ultimately aims to deliver a final stove design, assemble 30 demonstrator products, and validate stove performance in field trials within institutional kitchens in public services and local enterprises such as restaurants, schools, and orphanages, in our primary target market, Zambia.The SPITFIRE-stove will therefore address the clean cooking and energy dilemma by;-Delivering clean, sustainable biomass-burning cooking stoves with low emissions,-Delivering cooking stoves that will utilise reduced-cost biomass pellet fuels that are approximately one-third of the price of LPG and half of the price of charcoal, Ensuring reliability of energy supply for Zambia and beyond by utilising locally-sourced sustainable forestry for the biomass pellets.