Sustainable Development of a Safe and Biobased Antimicrobial, Antifungal and Antiviral Nanocoating Platform (Triple-A-COAT)

当被生物膜保护时，人类病原体可能会在纺织品和高流量表面持续数小时、数天甚至更长时间，从而增加感染传播的风险。传统的清洁没有持久的效果，因为污染几乎立即会再次发生。现有的抗菌涂层主要是基于银离子和其他杀生剂的释放，这些杀菌剂存在抗药性发展和环境破坏的风险。无机纳米颗粒也是人类健康的一个关注点。纳米纤维素是一种从木浆或生物技术方法中获得的多功能纳米材料，具有优异的涂料物理性能，使抗菌功能的可控和标准化应用成为可能。在3A涂层中，3种形式的纳米纤维素将通过嫁接/吸附具有良好抗细菌、真菌和/或病毒活性的新型耐药化合物和纳米涂层来增强抗菌/抗病毒活性，并进行纳米处理以创建受生物启发的抗菌表面。将开发喷涂和薄膜应用，优化对塑料、金属、纺织品和玻璃的粘附性。最有效的涂层将使用ISO标准测试进行抗菌/抗病毒活性、耐久性和无毒性评估，并在超过6个月的模拟客车环境中达到TRL6。还将完成对该平台的生命周期评估。该项目财团包括在新型抗菌和抗病毒技术、纳米纤维素生产和功能化、涂料开发和表征方面拥有领先专业知识的公司、学术和中小企业合作伙伴，以及一家巴士制造商和一个外部用户委员会。在项目结束后的5-10年内，成果将商业化，在运输和医疗保健部门产生影响，有助于更好地控制传染病，并提高欧盟工业包括中小企业的竞争力和研究领导地位。

Human pathogens can persist on textiles and high-traffic surfaces for hours, days or even longer when protected in biofilms, increasing risk of infection spreading. Conventional cleaning has no lasting effect as contamination can re-occur almost immediately. Available antimicrobial coatings are based mainly on the release of silver ions and other biocides that present risks for resistance development and environmental damage. Inorganic nanoparticles are also a concern for human health. Nanocellulose is a versatile nanomaterial obtained from wood pulp or biotechnological methods, which has excellent physical properties for coatings, enabling controllable and standardised application of antimicrobial functionalities. In Triple-A-COAT the 3 forms of nanocellulose will be augmented for antimicrobial/antiviral activity through grafting/adsorption of novel, resistance-proof compounds with excellent activities against bacteria, fungi and/or viruses, and nanopatterning to create bio-inspired antimicrobial surfaces. Spray coating and thin film applications will be developed, optimising adherence to plastic, metal, textiles and glass. The most effective coatings will be evaluated for antimicrobial/antiviral activity, durability and non-toxicity using ISO standard tests, and in a simulation of a bus environment over 6 months to reach TRL6. A life cycle assessment of the platform will also be completed. The project consortium involves companies, academic and SME partners with leading expertise in novel antimicrobial and antiviral technology, nanocellulose production and functionalisation, coatings development and characterisation, as well as a bus manufacturer and an external User Committee. Within 5-10 years after the end of the project, the results will be commercialized for impact in the transportation and healthcare sectors, contributing to the better control of infectious disease, and boosting the competitiveness and research leadership of EU industry including SMEs