Mobile Screen Time and Depressive Symptoms among College Students

项目摘要/摘要 根据国家精神卫生研究所和PAR-18-714的资助目标，本申请提出 一个研究项目，调查智能手机使用、社交媒体需求和 抑郁症状。今天的大学生比以往任何时候都更受抑郁症状的困扰，研究发现 它很难发挥作用，并有慢性或复发性疾病和长期发病的风险。尽管 在文献中对各种危险因素的识别，其病因机制还不是很清楚。近期 研究表明，过长的手机屏幕时间可能与抑郁症状以及其他因素有关 生理、心理、社会和神经方面的不良后果。大多数已发表的研究成果， 然而，发生在美国境外，使用横断面研究设计，或仅专注于 智能手机成瘾，而不是屏幕时间，所以我们对两者之间的因果关系的了解仍然存在差距 在屏幕时间和抑郁之间。这项研究将测试手机屏幕时间的客观衡量标准， 通过收集提交的屏幕截图、应用程序使用情况和社交媒体需求，与变化相关联 在一群美国大学生中出现抑郁症状。在这个项目结束时，研究小组将 拥有：a)确定客观测量的移动屏幕时间、应用程序使用和社交媒体的一致模式 需求；b)评估这些模式与现有抑郁症状水平之间的关系 横断面分析；以及c)确定这些模式是否可以预测抑郁症的纵向变化 症状。使用客观的屏幕时间测量是一种创新的、可行的、较少偏见的测量方法 美国大学生群体中手机屏幕和应用程序的使用模式。此外，这将是 第一项前瞻性观察性研究，评估移动屏幕时间与 抑郁症状。了解屏幕时间模式与抑郁症状之间的关系 将允许临床医生和研究人员在未来由NIH资助的研究中：1)更好、更客观地识别大学 抑郁的高危学生；2)进一步了解移动屏幕时间在健康中的作用 抑郁症的病因；以及3)最终实施有针对性的移动卫生干预措施，以解决大学 学生忧郁症。此外，参与研究的本科生研究助理将获得第一手资料。 实施在线数据收集、执行前瞻性队列研究和应用中间体的经验 和高级统计测试；他们也将是同行评议手稿的作者，并出席相关会议 会议。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT In line with the funding goals of the National Institute of Mental Health and PAR-18-714, this application proposes a research project that investigates the relationship between smartphone use, social media needs, and depressive symptoms. College students today are suffering more than ever from depressive symptoms, finding it difficult to function, and risking chronic or recurrent disorders and longstanding morbidity. Despite the identification of various risk factors in the literature, the causal mechanisms are not well understood. Recent research suggests that excessive mobile screen time may be linked with depressive symptoms, as well as other physical, psychological, social, and neurological adverse consequences. The majority of published studies, however, occurred outside of the United States, used a cross-sectional study design, or focused solely on smartphone addiction as opposed to screen time, so a gap remains in our knowledge of the causal relationship between screen time and depression. This study will test if objective measures of mobile phone screen time, through the collection of submitted screenshots, app usage, and social media needs, are associated with change in depressive symptoms in a cohort of U.S. college students. At the end of this project, the research team will have: a) identified consistent patterns of objective measured mobile screen time, app usage, and social media needs; b) assessed associations between those patterns with existing levels of depressive symptoms in a cross- sectional analysis; and c) determined if those patterns are predictive of longitudinal changes in depressive symptoms. The use of objective screen time measures is an innovative, feasible, and less biased way to measure patterns of mobile screen use and app use among the U.S. college student population. Moreover, this will be the first prospective, observational study evaluating the association between mobile screen time and changes in depressive symptoms. Understanding relationships between patterns of screen time and depressive symptoms will allow clinicians and researchers in future NIH-funded studies to: 1) better, more objectively identify college students at high risk for depression; 2) develop further understanding of the role of mobile screen time in the etiology of depression; and 3) ultimately implement targeted mobile-health interventions to address college student depression. Further, undergraduate student research assistants involved in the study will gain firsthand experience implementing online data collection, executing a prospective cohort study, and applying intermediate and advanced statistical tests; they will also be authors on peer-reviewed manuscripts and present at relevant conferences.