Large-scale Optical Recording

项目总结-项目3.大规模光学记录 人类既有集中的也有高度分布的神经系统(如大脑和肌间神经丛)， 越来越多地认识到有重要的互动。这些互动的性质，特别是 这种集中和分散的神经系统在多大程度上协同工作，目前还知之甚少。这个 拟议的工作将利用最近引入的模式生物--海洋腹足动物Bergia，来 开始探索这个具有挑战性的话题。伯吉亚有一个具体化的神经系统组织，包括 集中的大脑与分散分布的周围神经丛一起工作。项目3将使用大型 规模成像，以探索这种具体化处理的几个特征。这款U19的一个显著特点是 投资培育第一个用于神经科学的转基因软体动物。从以下方面的专业知识骨干开始 使用快速电压敏感吸收染料对神经活动进行大规模成像，该项目还将使用 单光子和双光子荧光活性成像，首先与染料，然后与GCaMP6f伯吉亚菌株。其他内容 具有光激活通道的菌株将实现光遗传学，使全光电生理学成为可能 采用具体化神经处理的系统。有四个具体目标。目标1将检验假设 Berghia使用了两种运动控制方案来使用它的口腔触角：一种传统的方案，即中枢神经系统 直接驱动行为的方方面面，以及CNS放弃责任的“具体化”控制方案 用于某些行为的高度分布的外周神经丛。这一目标将进一步测试动物是否 可以根据情况在这两种触手电机控制方案之间来回切换 在这一刻。目标2-4侧重于与感觉处理有关的问题。Aim 2将探索如何 躯体感觉信息在伯吉亚的神经系统中呈现。目标3将在气味方面做同样的事情 加工，目标4将评估跨模式感觉相互作用和调节的程度 感觉加工起着重要的作用。在整个研究过程中，项目3将与其他项目广泛互动 这次U19的4个项目，由揭示体现的一般原则和机制的共同目标联合起来 加工作为神经系统功能的一种模式。

PROJECT SUMMARY – Project 3. Large-scale Optical Recording Humans have both centralized and highly distributed nervous systems (e.g., brain and myenteric plexus) that are increasingly appreciated to have important interactions. The nature of those interactions, and especially the degree to which such centralized and distributed nervous systems work together is poorly understood. The proposed work will take advantage of a recently introduced model organism, the marine gastropod Berghia, to begin an exploration of this challenging topic. Berghia has an embodied nervous system organization, consisting of a centralized brain that works with a diffusely distributed peripheral neural plexus. Project 3 will use large scale imaging to explore several features of such embodied processing. A notable feature of this U19 is its investment in generating the first transgenic mollusc for neuroscience. Starting with a backbone of expertise in large scale imaging of neural activity with fast voltage sensitive absorbance dyes, this Project will also employ 1- and 2-photon fluorescence activity imaging, first with dyes and then with GCaMP6f Berghia strains. Additional strains with light-activated channels will enable optogenetics, making possible all-optical electrophysiology in a system employing embodied neural processing. There are four specific aims. Aim 1 will test the hypothesis that Berghia uses two motor control schemes for how it uses its oral tentacles: a traditional one in which the CNS directly drives all aspects of behavior, and an “embodied” control scheme where the CNS cedes responsibility to a highly distributed peripheral neural plexus for certain behaviors. This Aim will further test whether the animal can switch back-and-forth between these two tentacle motor control schemes, depending on the circumstances of the moment. Aims 2-4 are focused on issues related to sensory processing. Aim 2 will explore how somatosensory information is represented in Berghia’s nervous system. Aim 3 will do the same for odor processing, and Aim 4 will assess the degree to which cross-modal sensory interactions and modulation of sensory processing play important roles. Throughout the study, Project 3 will interact extensively with the other 4 Projects of this U19, united by the common goal of revealing general principles and mechanisms of embodied processing as a mode of nervous system function.