Culturally relevant contributors to cognitive and MRI changes in older Latinos

项目总结/摘要 拉丁裔是美国增长最快的少数民族之一，他们有1.5倍的可能性， 老年非拉丁裔白人患上老年痴呆症文化相关因素，如文化适应， 拉丁美洲人适应美国并可能采用其价值观和做法的过程可能有助于 拉丁美洲人大脑老化和阿尔茨海默氏痴呆症的健康差异。虽然文化适应的程度 与拉丁美洲人的许多健康结果有关，在认知和大脑老化方面的工作较少。较新 文化适应理论认为，这不是一个静态的线性过程，而是拉丁美洲人和 其他社会成员，从更广泛的社会环境决定因素中产生并得到加强 这一过程现在被称为“环境中的文化适应”（AIC）。因此，除了传统的文化适应因素外， (e.g.,语言偏好和/或在美国的年数），个人水平（例如，歧视、家庭 和/或文化压力源）和邻里水平（例如，社会环境决定因素需要 融入老年拉丁裔的研究中。我们将结合地理空间信息学的进展， AIC的邻里水平决定因素，纵向多模态神经成像，以及数字捕获 行为在一个特征良好的队列的拉丁美洲人60岁及以上的最全面的研究AIC 因为它与拉丁美洲人的大脑老化有关。到2030年，65岁及以上的拉丁裔人口将增加225%。 相比之下，非拉丁裔白人的增长率为65%;阿尔茨海默氏症的发病率也不成比例地 增加了老年人。这个R 01，其重点是AIC和大脑老化的拉丁美洲人，可能会提供一个更多的 全面了解这种不成比例增长的原因。 为了达到本研究的总体目标，探讨AIC与认知变化的关系， 大脑MRI指数在老年拉丁美洲人，并确定这些因素是否影响了充分记录的 其他危险因素与认知或脑MRI指标变化之间的关系-我们将进行一项 对AIC框架进行全面评估，包括对邻域因素进行地理编码，重复 多模态核磁共振成像，以及对350名老年拉丁美洲人行为的数字捕捉。我们将利用 拉什阿尔茨海默病中心的两项队列研究， 认知和其他风险因素的影响。结合起来，这些信息将使我们能够检查 老年拉丁美洲人AIC与认知变化（Aim 1）和脑MRI指数（Aim 2）的关系， 确定AIC水平是否改变了心血管疾病风险因素谱与以下变化的关系： 认知或脑MRI指数（目标3）。考虑到老年痴呆症的发病率 在美国的拉丁美洲人中，不成比例地增加，了解这种健康的可改变的贡献者 这一群体可能特有的差异至关重要。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Latinos are one of the fastest growing minority populations in the US, and they are 1.5 times as likely to develop Alzheimer’s dementia as older non-Latino Whites. Culturally relevant factors such as acculturation, the process by which Latinos adapt to the US and potentially adopt its values and practices, may contribute to health disparities in brain aging and Alzheimer’s dementia in Latinos. While levels of acculturation have been linked to a number of health outcomes in Latinos, less work has been done in cognition and brain aging. Newer theories of acculturation suggest it is not a static, linear process but a dynamic exchange between Latinos and other members of society that emerges from and is reinforced by broader socioenvironmental determinants vital to a process now called ‘acculturation in context’ (AIC). Thus, in addition to traditional acculturation factors (e.g., language preference and/or years in the US), individual-level (e.g., perceived discrimination, family and/or cultural stressors) and neighborhood-level (e.g., crime rates) socioenvironmental determinants need to be integrated into research in older Latinos. We will incorporate advances in geospatial informatics to quantify neighborhood-level determinants of AIC, longitudinal multi-modal neuroimaging, and the digital capture of behavior in a well-characterized cohort of Latinos 60 years and older for the most comprehensive study of AIC as it relates to brain aging in Latinos. By 2030, the Latino population 65 and older will increase by ~225% compared to a 65% increase in non-Latino Whites; rates for Alzheimer’s dementias will also disproportionately increase for older Latinos. This R01, with its focus on AIC and brain aging in Latinos, may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the reasons for this disproportionate increase. To achieve the overall goal of the study – to investigate the relationship of AIC to changes in cognition and brain MRI indices in older Latinos and determine whether these factors affect the well-documented relationships between other risk factors and changes in cognition or brain MRI indices – we will conduct a comprehensive assessment of the AIC framework including the geocoding of neighborhood factors, repeat multi-modal MRI, and the digital capture of behavior in 350 older Latinos. We will leverage the infrastructure of two cohort studies at the Rush Alzheimer’s Disease Center to incorporate ongoing longitudinal data acquisition of cognition and other risk factors into this R01. When combined, this information will allow us to examine the relationship of AIC to change in cognition (Aim 1) and brain MRI indices (Aim 2) in older Latinos, and determine if levels of AIC modify the relationship of cardiovascular disease risk factor profiles to changes in cognition or brain MRI indices in this same population (Aim 3). Given that rates of Alzheimer’s dementia are disproportionately increasing for Latinos in the US, understanding modifiable contributors to this health disparity that may be specific to this population is critical.