Next generation multiplatform Ocean observing technologies for research infrastructures

海洋是全球碳循环的主要组成部分，每年吸收约四分之一的人为二氧化碳排放，调节大气中碳的积累速度，从而导致全球变暖。海洋中二氧化碳含量的增加会导致海水pH值下降，也称为海洋酸化，其潜在的生态后果现已众所周知。因此，持续、长期的实地观测对于更好地了解和预测气候变化对海洋生态系统的影响、提高复原力以及制定健全的减缓和适应战略至关重要。此外，需要进行长期持续的海洋原地观测，以支持环境和气候政策，如欧洲绿色协议，以及旨在实现净零碳和可持续蓝色经济的相关政策。为了应对这一挑战，乔治将通过开发和展示最先进的海洋地球化学、多平台观测系统来表征海洋碳系统，从而提高欧洲海洋观测研究基础设施（EMSO、ICOS、Euro-Argo）的全球技术竞争力。乔治将提高新型传感器的技术准备水平，首次实现系统自主、原位海水CO2系统表征以及移动和固定平台上的CO2通量。这些传感器将集成在最先进的平台上，并采用最新的自主技术进行增强，从而实现新的观测能力。碳观测的技术、方法和标准操作规程将在多平台、跨ERIC海洋观测的框架内得到协调，从传感器到数据存储库。乔治将通过向工作人员和成员组织提供使用新技术和数据处理和报告标准操作程序的培训，建设ERIC的能力。技术将由行业和ERIC共同开发，确保直接进入市场和可扩展性。

The ocean is a major component of the global carbon cycle absorbing about a quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions every year, modulating the rate of accumulation of carbon in the atmosphere and hence global warming. Increased levels of CO2 in the ocean cause a decline in seawater pH, also known as ocean acidification, with now well-known potential ecological consequences. Sustained, longterm in situ observations are, therefore, crucial to better understand and predict the impact of climate change on ocean ecosystems, increase resilience and develop sound mitigation and adaptation strategies. Furthermore, long-term sustained in situ ocean observations are required to support environmental and climate policies, such as the European Green Deal, and related policies aiming to reach net zero carbon and achieve a sustainable blue economy. To meet this challenge, GEORGE will advance the global technological competitiveness of European ocean observing research infrastructures (EMSO, ICOS, Euro-Argo) through the development and demonstration of a state-of-the-art biogeochemical, multi-platform observing system for characterisation of the ocean carbon system. GEORGE will advance the technology readiness level of novel sensors enabling for the first time systematic autonomous, in situ seawater CO2 system characterisation, and CO2 fluxes on moving and fixed platforms. These sensors will be integrated on state-of-the-art platforms augmented with the latest in autonomous technology enabling new observing capability. Technologies, methods and SOPs for carbon observing will be harmonised across a framework for multi-platform, cross-ERIC ocean observing, from sensor to data repositories. GEORGE will build capacity in ERICs through the provision of training in the use of new technologies and SOPs on data handling and reporting to staff and member organisations. Technology will be co-developed between industry and ERICs ensuring direct route to market and potential for scalability.