Highly Efficient Super Critical ZERO eMission Energy System (HERMES)

风能和太阳能将成为2050年气候中立欧洲的核心能源，需要平衡供应和负载之间的天气差异。传统的燃气轮机也可以在更长的时间内完成这一任务，甚至可以很好地稳定电网，因为它们具有快速启动/停止的能力。然而，它们的效率是有限的，即使燃烧气候中性的碳氢化合物，它们仍然会产生局部排放。爱马仕克服了这些局限性，并通过创造一种可靠、灵活、零排放的能源供应解决方案，将燃气涡轮机技术提升到面向未来的水平，并在欧盟层面产生长期影响。爱马仕开发并评估了第一个高效闭环超临界零排放能源系统。它基于直接燃烧的超临界气体涡轮机发动机，该发动机使用当地合成的可再生液体和气体燃料（例如甲醇或氢气），并结合分散的碳捕获利用和储存（CCUS）。载体介质是高密度的超临界二氧化碳或氙，需要较少的压缩功率。因此，由于在高压条件下（高于150巴）运行，该系统实现了比当今燃气轮机高得多的效率（高于65%）。通过利用纯氧进行燃料氧化，并通过捕获大量的废气产物（H2O和/或CO2）并将其重新用于燃料合成，该系统几乎不产生污染物。对爱马仕方法的详细评估将使用实验和计算方法以及动态模拟工具，包括数字孪生和机器学习。这个为期36个月的项目将由一个11个合作伙伴的财团来实现，其中包括3个在可再生能源、燃烧、技术经济学和社会政治学方面具有专门知识的中小企业。爱马仕将铺平道路的重大突破，在超临界流体燃烧的基本原理的理解与任何污染物的零排放。

Wind and sun will be central energy sources of a climate neutral Europe 2050, bringing with them the need to balance weather dependent differences between supply and load. Conventional gas turbines can fulfill this task also for longer periods even well as they can stabilize the grid with their capability of quick start/stop. However, their efficiency is limited and – even if burning climate neutral hydrocarbons – they still produce local emissions. HERMES overcomes these limitations and advances gas turbine technology to the future-proof level by creating a reliable, flexible, zero-emission solution for energy supply with long term impact at EU level. HERMES develops and assesses the first highly efficient closed-loop supercritical zero emission energy system. It is based on directly fired supercritical gas turbine engine operating on locally synthesized renewable liquid and gaseous fuels (e.g. methanol or hydrogen) coupled with decentralized carbon capture utilization and storage (CCUS). The carrier medium is highly dense supercritical carbon dioxide or xenon demanding less compression power. Therefore, and because of operating at high pressure conditions (above 150 bar), the system achieves significantly higher efficiency (above 65%) than today’s gas turbines. By utilizing pure oxygen for fuel oxidation, and by capturing bulky flow of exhaust products (H2O and/or CO2) and reusing them for fuel synthesis, the system produces virtually no pollutants. A detailed assessment of the HERMES approach will be done using experimental and computational approaches and dynamic simulation tools including digital twins and machine learning. The 36-month project will be realized by an 11-partner consortium including 3 SMEs with expertise in renewable energy, combustion, techno-economics and socio-political science. Hermes will pave the way to a major breakthrough in the understanding of fundamentals of combustion in supercritical fluids with zero emission of any pollutants.