The Luma West Cardiac Detector - A First of Class Device to Diagnose/Exclude Cardiac Arrest with 95% Accuracy & within 5 Seconds, Saving up to 14,700 UK Lives Annually and 1.75m Worldwide.

Luma West （Luma）是一家创新的英国医疗技术公司，由具有医疗和工程专业知识的两兄弟创办。Luma正在解决一项未得到解决的全球公共卫生需求，该需求每年可挽救175万人的生命（Brouwer， 2015年；见附录4）：一种快速、可靠地诊断/排除心脏骤停的方法。心脏骤停是指人的心脏停止跳动的一种医学现象。英国每年有3万例院外心脏骤停；只有8%存活了下来。胸外按压是高级生命维持系统中最重要的组成部分。胸外按压是指病人在胸部上下按压，将血液泵入全身。尽管胸部按压可以挽救生命，但如果心脏突然重启，它们会折断肋骨，并可能导致流出物阻塞。此外，不准确的诊断会导致适当治疗的延误。根据2022年英国急救委员会指南，准确、实时和快速的心脏骤停诊断至关重要。不幸的是，唯一推荐的诊断心脏骤停的方法是在每两分钟的短暂评估中感觉中心脉搏（Resus Council, 2022）。即使在最先进的重症监护室也是如此。外围脉冲和探针不能用于在心脏骤停前后立即关闭这些区域的循环。除颤器/心电图也不能使用，因为它们只能测量心律，而不能测量输出/功能，而PEA（最常见的院外骤停）的心脏痕迹是正常的。人工脉搏检查非常不可靠（Eberle, 1996; Tibballs, 2019）。当脉搏存在时，45%的时间会错过脉搏：肋骨断裂的按压会不必要地继续进行。当没有脉搏时，有10%的时间可以感觉到脉搏：尽管按压是维持病人生命的唯一手段，但可以停止按压。脉搏检查，即使是医生，也需要20- 30秒（browwer, 2015），每中断5秒的按压，生存率就会下降17%。Luma建议在心脏骤停的诊断上有一个台阶变化。这笔投资将用于完成概念验证工作和原型设计，进行临床试验，并开始监管部门批准一种非侵入性诊断设备，该设备适用于非医务人员，可以在5秒内以95%的准确率诊断/排除心脏骤停。Luma提出的整套设备和培训，如果广泛和公开传播，每年可以在英国挽救14,700人的生命，在全球挽救175万人的生命，将院外心脏骤停的存活率从8%提高到28%——在生理学上是可能的，因为挪威院外心脏骤停的存活率为25%。

Luma West (Luma) is an innovative UK medtech company started by two brothers with medical and engineering expertise. Luma is solving an unaddressed global public health need that could save 1.75m million lives annually (Brouwer, 2015; see appendix 4): a method of rapidly and reliably diagnosing/excluding cardiac arrest.Cardiac arrest is a medical event in which a person's heart stops beating. There are 30,000 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests annually in the UK; only 8% are survived.Chest compressions -- where someone pushes up and down on the chest to pump blood around the body -- are the most important component of advanced life support.Although chest compressions can be life-saving, if the heart suddenly restarts, they break ribs and can cause outflow obstruction. Additionally, inaccurate diagnoses cause delays in appropriate treatment. Accurate, real-time and rapid diagnosis of cardiac arrest is critical according to the 2022 UK Resus Council guidelines.Unfortunately, the only recommended method of diagnosing cardiac arrest is by feeling for a central pulse during short assessments every two minutes (Resus Council, 2022). This is true even in the most state-of-the-art intensive care unit. Peripheral pulses and probes cannot be used as circulation to these areas shut down immediately before/after an arrest. Defibrillators/ECGs also cannot be used as they only measure heart rhythm, not output/function, and heart traces are normal in PEA - the most common out-of-hospital-arrestManual pulse check is incredibly unreliable (Eberle, 1996; Tibballs, 2019). When a pulse is present, 45% of the time it is missed: rib-breaking compressions are continued unnecessarily.When a pulse is absent, 10% of the time one is felt: compressions could be stopped despite being the only thing keeping the patient alive. Pulse check, even by doctors, takes 20--30 seconds (Brouwer, 2015), and survival decreases by 17% for every five-second interruption to compressions.Luma proposes a step-change in the diagnosis of cardiac arrest. This investment will be used to complete proof-of-concept work and prototyping, conduct a clinical trial and commence regulatory approval of a non-invasive diagnostic device suitable for use by non-medics that can, with 95% accuracy, diagnose/exclude cardiac arrest within five seconds. Luma's proposed package of device and training, if widely and publicly disseminated, could save 14,700 lives annually in the UK and 1.75m lives globally, increasing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest survival from 8% to 28% - physiologically possible as Norway has 25% survival of out-of-hospital-arrest.