Colorectal tumorigenesis on a cricket powder-based diet versus diets based on more typical protein sources

尽管一些关于科学证据的确切力量的争论仍在继续，但仍有很强的 人们一致认为，习惯食用加工肉类是结直肠癌的重要致病风险因素 (CRC)。最近的两次系统评估得出结论，每增加50克/天的加工处理 肉类意味着风险增加了18%-23%，这一数字与美国成年人的平均日消费量高度相关 加工肉类的重量为50-60克。用另一种蛋白质替代一定比例的肉 因此，风险较小的来源可能对减少儿童权利公约的社会负担产生重大影响。 尽管几个世纪以来在许多文化中都是重要的蛋白质来源，但直到最近才有精选的昆虫物种 开始在北美获得吸引力，成为一种可接受的蛋白质来源。板球粉末，由研磨而成， 整只烤蟋蟀可以加入到许多食物中，味道几乎没有明显变化， 在一种天真的食虫性文化中，它是一个被接受的绝佳人选。此外，它的不仅是 蛋白质含量很高，但定性上是一个完整的蛋白质。此外，板球粉的独特阵列 理化特性表明，它可能具有防癌特性。尽管如此，对 以昆虫为基础的食品用于预防癌症以前从未被探索过，因此 这一探索性建议与R03机制的精神高度一致。获得蛋白质 通过食虫性需求还有一个进一步的优势，即促进可持续农业， 这是美国农业部的长期目标。我们假设在一个广为接受的动物模型中 在结直肠癌中，蛋白质主要来自板球粉的饮食会减少肿瘤的发生。 其蛋白质来自加工肉类，并将不逊于所观察到的肿瘤发生 饮食中的蛋白质来自传统的非肉类来源，如乳制品和大豆。 我们的长期目标是找到一种有效、非侵入性、良好的预防CRC的新方法。 耐受性好，成本低，在国内和全球都将得到广泛应用。一个次要的长- 任期目标是促进可持续的食品系统。我们计划在肥胖的小鼠模型上进行一项研究- 促进结直肠癌的发生：1)确定用板球粉替代是否会减弱 与习惯食用加工肉类相关的结直肠肿瘤风险增加，2)检查 以板球粉为基础的饮食产生的致瘤性是否不逊于以蛋白质为基础的饮食 从大豆面粉或全脂牛奶固体，以及3)开始描绘生化，分子和细胞动力学 以板球粉为基础的饮食比加工肉类饮食产生的肿瘤发生更少的途径。我的 实验室在营养化学预防方面成功地进行了广泛的研究课题 在各种动物模型中的结直肠癌发生超过25年，为我们提供了所有必要的 迅速和科学严谨地开展拟议研究的专门知识。

Although some debate continues over the precise strength of the scientific evidence, there remains a strong consensus that habitual consumption of processed meat is a prominent causal risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). Two recent systematic reviews have concluded that each additional 50 gram serving/day of processed meat conveys an 18-23% increased risk, a figure highly relevant to U.S. adults whose mean daily consumption of processed meat is 50-60 grams. Substituting a modest proportion of that meat with an alternative protein source with lesser risk could therefore have a major impact on reducing the societal burden of CRC. Although an important protein source in many cultures for centuries, only recently have select insect species begun to gain traction as an acceptable protein source in North America. Cricket powder, comprised of ground, whole roasted crickets, can be incorporated into many foodstuffs with little or no discernible change in taste, making it an excellent candidate for acceptance in a culture naïve to entomophagy. Moreover, not only is its protein content very high, but qualitatively it is a complete protein. Further, cricket powder’s unique array of physiochemical features indicate it may possess cancer-preventive properties. Nevertheless an examination of insect-based foodstuffs for the purpose of cancer prevention has never before been explored, so the scope of this exploratory proposal is highly consistent with the spirit of the R03 mechanism. Achieving protein requirements through entomophagy has the further advantage of promoting sustainable agriculture, a longstanding goal of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. We hypothesize that in a well-accepted animal model of CRC, tumorigenesis will be diminished by a diet whose protein is largely derived from cricket powder compared to one whose protein is derived from processed meat, and will be non-inferior to the tumorigenesis observed with diets whose protein is derived from the conventional non-meat sources, dairy and soy. Our long-term goal is to identify a novel approach to CRC prevention that is effective, non-invasive, well- tolerated, and low cost, and thus will have wide application both domestically and globally. A secondary long- term goal is to promote sustainable food systems. We propose to conduct a study in a murine model of obesity- promoted colorectal carcinogenesis to: 1) determine whether substitution with cricket powder attenuates the enhanced risk of colorectal neoplasia that accompanies the habitual consumption of processed meat, 2) examine whether tumorigenesis generated by a cricket powder-based diet is non-inferior to diets whose protein is derived from soy flour or whole milk solids, and 3) begin to delineate the biochemical, molecular, and cytokinetic pathways by which a cricket-powder based diet generates less tumorigenesis than a processed meat one. My laboratory has successfully pursued a wide array of research topics in the nutritional chemoprevention of colorectal carcinogenesis in various animal models for over 25 years, providing us with all the necessary expertise to conduct the proposed study expeditiously and with scientific rigor.