Collaborative Research on Influenza, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and Other Respiratory Pathogens in South Africa

项目总结 该项目旨在生成一系列数据，以帮助制定适当的政策 减少与2019年流感冠状病毒有关的发病率和死亡率(新冠肺炎)和 南非的其他呼吸道病原体。具体来说，我们的目标是执行流感病毒 从PHIRST-C采集的血清样本的血凝抑制(HI)试验 农村和城市地点的参与者以及2个主要社区的棚屋参与者之前和 2021年流感季节后确定近期流感感染率。我们的目标还包括 描述一年中流感季节呼吸道疾病的求医行为 继南非新冠肺炎疫情第一波和第二波之后进行的一项调查 跟踪流感季节，并将呼吸道疾病的求医行为与 在2021年流感季节之前进行的调查，并评估不同因素对 就医行为。我们的目标是描述MTB-SARS-CoV-2混合感染的流行情况和 合并感染对ILI或ILI患者临床表现和预后的影响 ILI监测点疑似新冠肺炎或肺炎监测入院SRI患者 南非的遗址。我们的目标是试点实施经实验室确认的流感 参与CoughWatchSA参与式数字监测的个人监测 平台，比较在设施监测中检测到的流感病毒传播情况 CoughWatchSA平台，并评估自我报告的ARI在 CoughWatchSA平台和实验室确认感染流感。这将会实现的 通过使用HI检测收集的血清样本中是否存在抗流感抗体 在南非和南非的两个地点进行了一项医疗利用和血清调查 对所有登记的参与者实施系统的结核分枝杆菌检测 现有的肺炎和流感样疾病监测方案。最后，我们将试行自我 对参与Coughwatch应用程序的个人进行拭子，以进行综合症流感监测。

PROJECT SUMMARY This project aims to generate a body of data that will assist in formulating appropriate policies for the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with influenza Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and other respiratory pathogens in South Africa. Specifically we aim to perform influenza virus hemagglutination inhibition (HI) testing of serum samples already collected from PHIRST-C participants in a rural and an urban site and from HUTS participants in 2 key communities before and after the 2021 influenza season to determine rates of recent influenza infection. We also aim to characterize healthcare seeking behavior for respiratory illness during the influenza season in the year following the South African COVID-19 epidemic first and second waves through a survey conducted following the influenza season and compare healthcare seeking behavior for respiratory illness to a survey conducted before the 2021 influenza season and assess the impact of different factors on healthcare seeking behavior. We aim to describe the prevalence of MTB-SARS-CoV-2 coinfection and the impact of coinfection on clinical presentation and outcomes in patients presenting with ILI or suspected COVID-19 at ILI surveillance sites or patients admitted with SRI at pneumonia surveillance sites in South Africa. We aim to pilot the implementation of laboratory-confirmed influenza surveillance among individuals participating to the CoughWatchSA participatory digital surveillance platform, compare influenza virus circulation as detected in facility-based surveillance and through the CoughWatchSA platform and to evaluate concordance between self-reported ARI on the CoughWatchSA platform and laboratory-confirmed infection with influenza. This will be achieved through testing of collected serum samples for the presence of anti-influenza antibodies using HI assay, performing a survey of healthcare utilization and serosurvey at two sites in South Africa and implementation of systematic Mycobacterium tuberculosis testing of all participants enrolled in existing pneumonia and influenza-like illness surveillance programmes. Lastly we will pilot self- swabbing of individuals participating in the Coughwatch app for syndromic influenza surveillance.