Research on the Epidemiology,Prevention,Vaccine Effectiveness and Treatment of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses in South Africa.09

项目摘要 该项目旨在生成一套数据，以协助制定适当的 减少与流感和其他疾病有关的发病率和死亡率的政策 呼吸道病原体具体来说，我们的目标是描述负担，临床谱， 流感和其他呼吸道病原体的发病机制、传播和结果 不同年龄和风险群体的人。我们将评估其有效性和/或 流感疫苗预防实验室确诊流感的有效性和安全性 低收入和中等收入环境中重要的不同风险群体（例如孕妇） 以及探索其他疫苗接种策略，如针对社区 发射器为了实现这些目标，我们将采用多种方法相结合 包括加强对肺炎和流感样疾病的监测， 传播研究、病例对照研究、队列研究、医疗利用调查， 疫苗接种示范项目和建模。我们将与 地方和区域相关利益攸关方支持研究和监测活动， 发展流感疫苗生产能力，并将数据转化为政策。 其他活动包括进行深入的社区传播研究， 了解流感的社区负担和传播以及流感之间的相互作用 其他呼吸道病原体。我们将使用从监督中获得的成本数据 结合模型方法评估不同流感的成本效益 疫苗接种方法。我们将加强识别和应对新的 流感病毒在动物-人类界面，并努力建立实验室， 加强国家和区域流感监测的流行病学能力。

PROJECT SUMMARY This project aims to generate a body of data that will assist in formulating appropriate policies for the reduction of morbidity and mortality associated with influenza and other respiratory pathogens. Specifically we aim to describe the burden, clinical spectrum, pathogenesis, transmission and outcomes of influenza and other respiratory pathogens in different age and risk groups in South Africa. We will assess the effectiveness and/or efficacy and safety of influenza vaccines in preventing laboratory-confirmed influenza in different risk groups of importance in low- and middle-income settings (for example pregnant women) as well as exploring alternate vaccination strategies such as targeting community transmitters. In order to achieve these objectives, we will use a combination of approaches including enhanced surveillance for pneumonia and influenza-like illness, community transmission studies, case-control studies, cohort studies, healthcare utilization surveys, vaccination demonstration projects and modelling. We will establish partnerships with relevant stakeholders locally and regionally to support research and surveillance activities, development of influenza vaccine production capacity and the translation of data into policy. Additional activities include conducting intensive community transmission studies to understand the community burden and transmission of influenza and interaction of influenza with other respiratory pathogens. We will use costing data obtained from surveillance combined with modelling approaches to evaluate cost-effectiveness of different influenza vaccination approaches. We will strengthen capacity to identify and respond to novel influenza viruses at the animal-human interface and work to build laboratory and epidemiology capacity for influenza surveillance in the country and the region.